memory and visual perception Flashcards
what is episodic memory
memory for specific events
semantic memory
memory for facts
working memory
short term, rehearsal
procedural
motor memory
what is anterograde amnesia
poor ability to acquire new information
what information is spared in anterograde amnesia
information acquired before damage occured
information in working memory - ongoing rehersal
what is declarative memory (explicit)
episodic - events
semantic - facts
what is non-declarative memory (implicit)
perceptual memory - familiarity with stimuli
procedural memory - motor skills and habits
what structures related to memory are in the medial temporal lobe
hippocampus, fornix, mammillary body, amygdala
what is korsakoff’s syndrome and what causes it
thiamine deficiency - vitamin B1 due to alcoholism = bilateral degradation of mammillary bodies
temporal lobectomy - removal of temporal lobes
important case study of this nature
HM - IQ same, no personality change, memory deficts specific to the formation of new memories
what did HM have a complete absence of
new episodic memories - couldn’t remember events or people met since operation, couldn’t remember location of new home
formation of new semantic memories incompletely disrupted - language frozen in 50’s
What did we learn about the hippocampus from HM
important for consolidating new memories, it is especially important for spatial learning
was his working memory intact
yes - normal digit span
was his procedural memory intact
yes - he could learn new motor tasks
define anterograde and retrograde amnesia
anterograde - since lesion
retrograde - prior to/before lesion
how long does consolidation require
photos of celebrities suggest retrograde amnesia spans decades - more distant memories relatively preserved
define visual agnosia
lack of knowing/perception - inability to recognise object
define apperceptive agnosia
unable to perceive full shape of object despite intact low level processing
define associative agnosia
ability to perceive shape, but cant recognise it eg name it
can visual agnosia patients name objects through touch
yes
3 things in low level perception ( that apperceptive agnosia patients can do)
acuity, brightness discrimination, colour vision
what cant apperceptive patients do and what is the evidence
cant extract global structure, evidenced by impairments in drawing, copying and visual recognition eg key, numbers
how would associative agnosia patients perceive a bike and why
a pole with two wheels
due to inability to draw from verbal instruction or recognise objects using vision
eg. can copy a pig completely but dont recognise it as a pig
