memory and visual perception

Question 1

what is episodic memory

Answer 1

memory for specific events

Question 2

semantic memory

Answer 2

memory for facts

Question 3

working memory

Answer 3

short term, rehearsal

Question 4

procedural

Answer 4

motor memory

Question 5

what is anterograde amnesia

Answer 5

poor ability to acquire new information

Question 6

what information is spared in anterograde amnesia

Answer 6

information acquired before damage occured

information in working memory - ongoing rehersal

Question 7

what is declarative memory (explicit)

Answer 7

episodic - events

semantic - facts

Question 8

what is non-declarative memory (implicit)

Answer 8

perceptual memory - familiarity with stimuli

procedural memory - motor skills and habits

Question 9

what structures related to memory are in the medial temporal lobe

Answer 9

hippocampus, fornix, mammillary body, amygdala

Question 10

what is korsakoff’s syndrome and what causes it

Answer 10

thiamine deficiency - vitamin B1 due to alcoholism = bilateral degradation of mammillary bodies
temporal lobectomy - removal of temporal lobes

Question 11

important case study of this nature

Answer 11

HM - IQ same, no personality change, memory deficts specific to the formation of new memories

Question 12

what did HM have a complete absence of

Answer 12

new episodic memories - couldn’t remember events or people met since operation, couldn’t remember location of new home
formation of new semantic memories incompletely disrupted - language frozen in 50’s

Question 13

What did we learn about the hippocampus from HM

Answer 13

important for consolidating new memories, it is especially important for spatial learning

Question 14

was his working memory intact

Answer 14

yes - normal digit span

Question 15

was his procedural memory intact

Answer 15

yes - he could learn new motor tasks

Question 16

define anterograde and retrograde amnesia

Answer 16

anterograde - since lesion

retrograde - prior to/before lesion

Question 17

how long does consolidation require

Answer 17

photos of celebrities suggest retrograde amnesia spans decades - more distant memories relatively preserved

Question 18

define visual agnosia

Answer 18

lack of knowing/perception - inability to recognise object

Question 19

define apperceptive agnosia

Answer 19

unable to perceive full shape of object despite intact low level processing

Question 20

define associative agnosia

Answer 20

ability to perceive shape, but cant recognise it eg name it

Question 21

can visual agnosia patients name objects through touch

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

3 things in low level perception ( that apperceptive agnosia patients can do)

Answer 22

acuity, brightness discrimination, colour vision

Question 23

what cant apperceptive patients do and what is the evidence

Answer 23

cant extract global structure, evidenced by impairments in drawing, copying and visual recognition eg key, numbers

Question 24

how would associative agnosia patients perceive a bike and why

Answer 24

a pole with two wheels
due to inability to draw from verbal instruction or recognise objects using vision
eg. can copy a pig completely but dont recognise it as a pig

Question 25

define prosopagnosia

Answer 25

inability to recognise faces visually

Question 26

what do people do/see when they look at the face of a family member

Answer 26

can tell the picture shows a face, describe features on the face, cant tell who it belongs to

Question 27

how can people with prosopagnosia recognise people

Answer 27

through voice, hairstyle - confirms that it is not a naming problem

Question 28

what is the FFA and where is it

Answer 28

fusifrom face area, inferior part of occipital/temporal lobe

Question 29

what is the function of the FFA

Answer 29

especially activated by faces in healthy adults

Question 30

what is the inversion effect and why

Answer 30

upside -down faces are harder to recognise because its difficult to process the configuration of features

Question 31

what do prosopagnosics also have difficulty recognising

Answer 31

types of car, dog breeds, cows in a herd