Sex and gender

Question 1

gender roles

Answer 1

tasks and activities a culture assigns to the sexes; expected behaviour depending on

Question 2

1990s evolution of definition of women in the west

Answer 2

woman as a multifaceted success machine,

Question 3

1950s

Answer 3

women in films need to be rescued men the rescuers women the homemakers and caregivers

Question 4

gender stratification

Answer 4

a division in society where members are hierarchically ranked by gender

Question 5

measurements of gender stratifications

Answer 5

economics, politics, religion, legal rights, prestige, autonomy, education, employment, health, ideology, how deferential one gender is expected to be to another, freedom to choose your own lifestyle

Question 6

glass ceilings for women

Answer 6

pressures of childcare–the ‘motherhood penalty’
negotiation-
employer bias- men more valued
education disparities- different type of
over-representation in lower-wage jobs- women are more in the lower paid jobs

Question 7

biological argument

Answer 7

there are biological reasons that explain the men and women inequality

• testosterone naturally leads men to be more aggressive
• oestrogen renders women more compliant
• biologically men are physically stronger than women (creates a sexual division of labour )

Question 8

biological criticsm

Answer 8

biological argument doesn’t explain the political and economic inequality

Question 9

child socialization

Answer 9

first influences is with parents

Question 10

Hagen of New Guinea

Answer 10

men and women are allowed to take one the opposite roles

Question 11

six nations

Answer 11

women choose the leaders of the community (most of them being men)

Question 12

gender based violence

Answer 12

acts of violence committed against people simply because of their gender

Question 13

honour killings

Answer 13

the killing of a family member, usually a young girl or woman, for actin in a way thought to dishonour the family

Question 14

Misogyny

Answer 14

womens are often the target of hate means to hate and disrespect women (revenge porn, online gaming attitudes)

Question 15

Misandry

Answer 15

men can also be targeted by hate: portrayals of men in media as inherently violent, and evil

Question 16

sex

Answer 16

sex is the biological categories of male and female,

Question 17

sexually dimorphic

Answer 17

the physiological differences in form between males and females

Question 18

intersex

Answer 18

individuals with sex characteristics that do not allow them to be identified as ale or female

Question 19

relativity of gender

Answer 19

no universal definition of what it means to be a man and what it means to be a woman

Question 20

gender

Answer 20

cultural constructions of male and female characteristics

Question 21

gender roles

Answer 21

expected ways of behaving based on societies definitions of masculinity and femininity

Question 22

Hijra

Answer 22

people in India born as male but identify as feminine and undergo voluntary castration or do not identify as male or female. Prefer male or other hijra sexual partners.

Question 23

Hijra discrimination

Answer 23

• believed to be spiritually powerful and can put curses on people
• out-casted and discriminated by indian society
• work as prostitutes, models, and beggars to make a living

Question 24

two-spirit people

Answer 24

first nations people, who claim both male and female identity, and said to possess without power

Question 25

gender stereotypes

Answer 25

oversimplified version of what it means to male and female but strongly held beliefs

Question 26

gender ideology

Answer 26

system of thoughts and values that legitimizes sex roles and behaviour i.e- using religion to justify and establish view of men and women.

Question 27

gender stratification

Answer 27

unequal distribution of resources and goods based on gender because of different positions of the genders their social hierarchy/ the hierarchical ranking of members of a society according to gender

Question 28

gender fluid

Answer 28

a gender identity that can vary between male and female or some non-binary identity over time and in different circumstances

Question 29

glass ceilings for women in the work place

Answer 29

• pressures of childcare
• men are more confident to negotiate for a higher pay, while women are more likely reason why they deserve the pay they are getting
• employer bias- employers value men workers more
• education disparities- men tend to go into education sectors that pay more, than women
• women dominated jobs that are just important as mens are not as highly valued/ more women than men in lower paying jobs

Question 30

biological argument for women’s subordination

Answer 30

• testostegoren makes men more aggressive
• oestrogen makes women more subordinate
• women are programmed to be nutures because they bear children
• men’s physical size makes them dominate towards women

Question 31

criticism of the biological argument

Answer 31

• how does the biological argument explain the socio-economic and political equality of men and women
• how do the bio differences justify the secondary status of women

Question 32

sociological explanation for inequality of men and women in society

Answer 32

there is inequality between men and women because society places different value on men and women and the roles they fulfill

Question 33

occupational segregation

Answer 33

the separation of different occupations in society

Question 34

examples of gender based violence

Answer 34

female and male circumcision, sex-selective abortions