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anthropology midterm 1 > politics and social control > Flashcards

politics and social control Flashcards

1
Q

politics

A
  • activities associated with governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power
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2
Q

importance of politics

A

politics helps maintain social order

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3
Q

political organization

A

the way in which a society maintains order internally and manages affairs of societies externally…

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4
Q

power

A

the ability to impose or exercise one’s will on others

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5
Q

authority

A

the socially approved use of power

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6
Q

influence

A

the ability to affect the behaviour of others without coercion, and without holding an explicit leadership status

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7
Q

power authority influence

A

how these 3 things manifest in a society tells a lot about their social organization

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8
Q

jermeny bentham

A

the panopticon, remodeling prisons

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9
Q

Focualt’s dynamic normalization

A

when people are surveyed they tend to become the same doesn’t encourage diversity, which is undemocratic

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10
Q

discourse

A

ways of speaking which are commonly praticsed and specifically situated in a social environment

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11
Q

language and power

A

language can change the way people think about certain things

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12
Q

James C. Scott

A

concept of every day resistance/ non-subtle cooperation. Its the way people with no power show resistance.

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13
Q

3 ways Legitimacy

A

traditional authority, rational-legal, charismatic

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14
Q

traditional authority

A

rule is accepted by followers because it is believed to be the correct moral order, members are selected on the basis of loyalty

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15
Q

rational-legal

A

authority established through rational legal means, leaders are popular because they are elevated by the accepted law

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16
Q

charismatic authority

A

can obtain authority because those people believe in them and are seen to have exceptional qualities

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17
Q

ideological (internally)

A

culturally instilled values, expectation of supernatural harm or reward

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18
Q

sanctions

A

external sanctions rely on actions other members of society take towards specifically approved or disapproved behaviour

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19
Q

positive and negative sanctions, informal and formal

A

positive formal- rewards, positive informal- compliments, negative formal- jail negative informal- insults

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20
Q

compliance

A

leaders mobilize followers and make their policies binding on their follower’s actions

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21
Q

3 ways to make people compliance

A

coercion (threats of use of force), remuneration (sticks and carrots), persuasion

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22
Q

Band characteristics

A

more decentralized, small, flexible family unit , kin-based, no formal poltical organization, no socioeconomic stratification

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23
Q

Band political organization

A

group decisions made by adult consensus
social orders is by ridicule and ostracisms
conflicts revolved through negotiation

24
Q

tribes characteristics

A

multiple autonomous small communities that share a common identity, no formal political organization

25
Q

tribes political organization

A

group decision- consensus among descent group s
social order- ridicule, ostracization
village head- limited authority (uses influence), act as a mediator

26
Q

big man

A

in tribes similar to village head, but authority is regional, may have authority over more than one village

27
Q

pantribal mechanisms

A

“clans, age grades, and secret societies found in tribal societies that cut across kiniship lines and integrated all the local segments of the tribe into a larger whole. I mode of unity against strife.

28
Q

pan tribal mechanisms

A

clans, age grades, and secret societies found in tribal societies that cut across kiniship lines and integrated all the local segments of the tribe into a larger whole. I mode of unity against strife.

29
Q

sodalities

A

social groups that form outside of the usual categories of family or kinship i.e Budonians

30
Q

chiefdoms

A

pastoralists and agriculturalists
centralized political organization
hierarchal structure and stratification system based on lineage
villages band together and a single authority
decisions made by chiefs and official authorities
sanctions imposed by official orders, social sanctions, force
conflicts are resolved through negotiation and arbitration

31
Q

chiefs

A

leaders who own, manage, and control basic factors of the economy, chiefs use of traditional authority, its about lineage that you get the job

32
Q

states

A

status- not necessarily kin-based
codification of laws- more formalized in industrialized
police has a monopoly on use of force

33
Q

nation-state

A

a socio-cultural entity as well as political community that has legitimacy over a defined territory

34
Q

nation-states tend to be polyethnic

A

having populations from any ethnic backgrounds living within them

35
Q

types of states

A

totalitarian, autocratic, democratic,

36
Q

totalitarian state

A

one in which the state has no limit to its power/authority , regulates every aspect of public and private life- and people tend to live in fear

37
Q

autocratic (how is the is different from a dictatorship?)

A

governed by a leader with absolute and complete power, not much political participation and opinion of the public

38
Q

theocracy

A

a form of state in which ultimate power rests with a diety or god” i.e Vatican

39
Q

role of technology in the state

A
  • using internet for elections, different dialogue between people and politicians
  • double-edged sword- used to bring people together for a common, cause or by own person to oppress another, inform or misinform
40
Q

3 ways of conflict resolution

A

arbitration, adjudication, negotiation

41
Q

bureaucracies of chiefdoms

A

tributes are paid to the chief and chief has special to resources

42
Q

when was did nation-states start appearing

A

after colonialism and

43
Q

social control

A

mechanisms used to maintain social norms

44
Q

Mechanisms of social control

A 
public opinions, 
supernatural belief systems, 
lineage
age organization 
social media
45
Q

ordeal

A

determining guilt through a rigorous or dangerous test

46
Q

coroporate lineages

A

people who are in the same lineage take part in the same day to day activities

47
Q

acephalous societies

A

don’t have a political leader, so they split society up into age groups/age organizations to maintain social control

48
Q

3 basic features of law

A
  • legitimate use of force
  • gives authority as to whom can exercise this force
  • legal precedent (new laws built off of old laws)
49
Q

justice

A

doing what is right in the context of the legal system

50
Q

retributive justice

A

revenge or punishment for crime

51
Q

restorative justice

A

focus on healing, and resolving conflicts

52
Q

Formal mechanisms of social control

A

the law (justice/physical force), warfare

53
Q

characteristics of warfare

A

usually in complex industrialized societies

cultural variation in expression

54
Q

rise of warfare

A
  • development of agriculture and agricultural machinery
  • increased population
  • settled population and idea of ownership
55
Q

4 basic contributing factors to war

A
  • moral objectives
  • political objectives
  • social problems and social frustrations
  • perceived threats

anthropology midterm 1 (15 decks)

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