Severan Dynasty Flashcards
1
Q
How long does the Severan Dynasty last for?
A
193-235 A.D.
2
Q
Who is the first emperor of the Severan Dynasty?
A
Septimius Severus
3
Q
When does the Severan Dynasty begin?
A
193 A.D.
4
Q
When does Septimius Severus begin his reign?
A
193 A.D.
5
Q
How long does Septimius Severus reign for?
A
193-211 A.D.
6
Q
Where was Septimius Severus born?
A
Leptis Magna in the province of Africa
7
Q
In what province was Septimius Severus born in?
A
Africa
8
Q
Who was Septimius Severus’s powerful and influential wife?
A
Julia Domna
9
Q
Under the rule of Septimius Severus, what changes were made to the Praetorian Guard?
A
Opened the ranks of the Praetorian Guard to provincials; he also filled up the Praetorian Guard with his own, loyal troops
10
Q
What rival did Septimius Severus defeat in Syria?
A
Pescennius Niger
11
Q
At what battle was Septimius Severus’s rival, Pescennius Niger, defeated?
A
battle of Issus (194)
12
Q
In what year did the battle of Issus occur?
A
194 A.D.
13
Q
Who was made Caesar while Septimius Severus was fighting Pescennius Niger?
A
Clodius Albinus
14
Q
Who defeated Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum in 197 A.D.?
A
Septimius Severus
15
Q
In what year was Clodius Albinus defeated by Septimius Severus at Lugdunum?
A
197 A.D.
16
Q
In what year did Septimius Severus sack the Parthian capital Ctesiphon?
A
198 A.D.
17
Q
What Parthian capital did Septimius Severus sack during war with the Parthians?
A
Ctesiphon
18
Q
What construction did Septimius Severus build to commemorate his and his sons’ victories over the Parthians?
A
The Arch of Septimius Severus
19
Q
In what year was the Arch of Septimius Severus built?
A
203 A.D.
20
Q
Who was Septimius Severus’s 1st Praetorian Prefect?
A
Fulvius Plautianus
21
Q
Who was Fulvius Plautianus’s daughter?
A
Plautilla
22
Q
Who was Plautilla married to?
A
Caracalla
23
Q
How did Caracalla feel towards his wife Plautilla?
A
He hated her
24
Q
When Caracalla tried to divorce Plautilla what did Fulvius Plautianus threaten to do?
A
To kill him
25
What were the consequences of Fulvius Plautianus's threat to kill Caracalla?
he was killed (205 A.D.)
26
What Praetorian Prefect was killed in the year 205 A.D. for threatening to kill Caracalla, lest he would divorce his daughter?
Fulvius Plautianus
27
What former jurist replaced Fulvius Plautianus's position as Praetorian Prefect?
Aemilius Papinianus
28
What famous advice did Septimius Severus give to his sons?
"Be harmonious, enrich the soldiers, scorn everybody else."
29
Where did Septimius Severus die in?
Eboracum (York)
30
When did Septimius Severus die?
211 A.D.
31
In what year did Caracalla begin his reign?
211 A.D.
32
Who co-ruled with Caracalla in 211 A.D.?
Geta
33
How long did Caracalla reign for?
211-217 A.D.
34
Who were Caracalla and Geta's parents?
Septimius Severus and Julia Domna
35
Caracalla had whom killed in 211 A.D., leaving him to be sole emperor?
His brother and co-emperor, Geta
36
In what year was Geta assassinated?
211 A.D.
37
Parts of Geta's career are often ambiguous and abridged because he suffered from what punishment?
Damnatio Memoriae
38
In what year did Caracalla give citizenship to all free men in the Roman Empire?
212 A.D.
39
What declaration gave all free men in the Roman Empire citizenship?
Constitutio Antoniniana
40
Caracalla was notorious for what baths?
“Baths of Caracalla”
41
Where was Caracalla assassinated?
Carrhae
42
Who assassinated Caracalla?
Martialis probably at the instigation of the praetorian prefect, Macrinus
43
What Praetorian Prefect (later emperor) may have plausibly been behind the assassination of Caracalla?
Macrinus
44
When did Caracalla die?
217 A.D.
45
Possibly a conspirator in the assassination of Caracalla, what Praetorian Prefect was made emperor after the later Caracalla?
Macrinus
46
When did Macrinus begin his rule?
217 A.D.
47
How long did Macrinus's rule last?
217-218 A.D.
48
Although he is still considered to be part of the Severan Dynasty, Macrinus did not belong to what family?
Severan family
49
Macrinus was the first non-senator (or was never of senatorial rank), from the Equites ranks to fill what office?
emperor
50
Who was of "Moorish" decent?
Macrinus
51
In what year did Macrinus die?
218 A.D.
52
When did Elagabalus begin his reign?
218 A.D.
53
How long did Elagabalus reign for?
218-222 A.D.
54
How was Elagabalus made emperor?
Declared emperor by the troops at Emesa in Syria
55
What was Elagabalus's original cognomen?
“Bassianus”
56
Who was Elagabulus's mother?
Julia Soaemias, neice of Julia Domna
57
What god was Elagabulus known to worship?
sun God ‘Sol Invictus’
58
Elagabulus forced the people to worship a black stone he brought to Rome from where?
Syria
59
Who killed Elagabulus?
Praetorian Guard
60
In what year was Elagabulus killed?
222 A.D.
61
When did Severus Alexander begin his reign?
222 A.D.
62
What emperor reigned from 222-235 A.D.?
Severus Alexander
63
Who was the last of the Severan Dynasty?
Severus Alexander
64
Severus Alexander was cousins with whom?
Elagabulus
65
What women in the Severan family had great influence and power over Severus Alexander?
grandmother Julia Maesa and his mother Julia Mamaea
66
Who was the mother of Severus Alexander?
Julia Mamaea
67
Who was the mother of Julia Mamaea?
Julia Maesa
68
Who was the Praetorian Prefect under Severus Alexander who was murdered in 228 A.D.?
distinguished jurist Domitius Ulpianus
69
In what year was the Praetorian Prefect Domitius Ulpianus murdered?
228 A.D.
70
During Alexander Severus's reign, the Arsacid Parthian Dynasty was replaced by what other dynasty?
Sassanid Persian Dynasty
71
Who led the Sassanid Persian Dynasty?
Ardashir (father of Shapur I)
72
In what year what the Sassanid Persian Dynasty founded?
226 A.D.
73
Whose soldiers killed Alexander Severus, ushering in the era of the Barracks Emperors?
Maximinus Thrax
74
When did Alexander Severus die and the Severan Dynasty end?
235 A.D.
75
Who was the first emperor born in Africa?
Septimius Severus
76
What family was Septimius Severus adopted into?
Aurelians / Marcus Aurelius'
77
What Roman emperor was adopted into the family of Marcus Aurelius, also starting the Severan dynasty?
Septimius Severus
78
What tribe invaded northern Britain during the reign of Septimius Severus, capturing *Eboracum* and badly damaging Hadrian's Wall?
Maeatae
79
The Maetae captured what city during the reign of Septimius Severus, coincidentally serving as the deathplace of the emperor?
*Eboracum* / York
80
What Roman commander drived away the Maeatae from Northern Britain when they captured *Eboracum* and badly damaged Hadrian's Wall?
Virius Lupus
81
Virius Lupus drove away what tribe from Northern Britian, who had occupied *Eboracum* and badly damaged Hadrian's Wall during the reign of Septimius Severus?
Maeatae
82
What Roman rebuilt Hadrian's Wall after the Maeatae badly damaged it?
Alfenus Senecio
83
Alfenus Senecio repairs this structure after the Maeatae badly damaged it, during the reign of Septimius Severus
Hadrian's Wall
84
What Roman emperor's name came from a long Gallic cape that he wore?
Caracalla
85
Caracalla's name came from what posession of his that he wore?
A long Gallic cape
86
Macrinus was the Praetorian Prefect of what Roman emperor?
Caracalla
87
What Roman emperor wanted to increase the pay raise of soliders by 600 *denarii*, hence his *Constitutio Antoniniana*?
Caracalla
88
Caracalla wanted to increase the pay of what people by 600 *denarii*?
Soldiers
89
Caracalla wanted to increase the pay of soldiers by how much?
600 *denarii*
90
What province was Macrinus from?
Mauretania Caesariensis
91
What Roman emperor was from *Mauretania Caesariensis*, the first equestrian to be in the position?
Marcus Opellinus Macrinus
92
Name the son of Macrinus
Diadumenianus
93
Diadumenianus was the son of what Roman emperor?
Marcus Opellinus Macrinus
94
Macrinus warred against this king of Parthia
Artabanus V
95
Artabanus V was king of what kingdom?
Parthia
96
Name the two Roman emperors that warred against Artabanus V, both of the Severan dynasty?
Caracalla, Marcus Opellinus Macrinus
97
When was the battle of Antioch, where Macrinus is defeated?
218 AD
98
What battle was in 218 AD?
1st Battle of Antioch
99
What city was the capital of Syria?
Antioch
100
Antioch was the captial of what Roman province?
Syria
101
Name the victorious and losing commanders at Antioch in 218 AD
Victorious: Varius Avetus Bassianus (Elagabalus)
Losing: Marcus Opellinus Macrinus
102
At what battle in 218 AD was Macrinus defeated by Elagabalus?
1st Battle of Antioch
103
Name the sister of Juliua Domna
Julia Maesa
104
Name the sister of Julia Maesa
Julia Domna
105
Name the daughters of Julia Maesa
Julia Soaemias, Julia Mamaea
106
Julia Soaemias and Julia Mamaea were daughters of what woman of the Severan Dynasty?
Julia Maesa
107
Name the sister of Julia Soaemias
Julia Mamaea
108
Name the sister of Julia Mamaea
Julia Soaemias
109
What Roman emperor divorced his first wife so that he could marry a Vestal Virgin, Aquilia Severa?
Varius Avetus Bassianus / Elagabalus
110
Name the second wife of Elagabalus, a Vestal Virgin
Aquilia Severa
111
Aquilia Severa, the second wife of Elagabalus, was a member of religious group in Rome?
Vestal Virgins
112
Name the son of Julia Mamaea, a Roman emperor
Gessius Bassianus Alexianus / Severus Alexander
113
What Roman emperor was 14 years old when he ascended to the throne?
Varius Avetus Bassianus / Elagabalus
114
How old was Elagabalus when he became emperor?
14
