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Certamen History: Harrison + Roessler History Database > Barracks Emperors > Flashcards

Barracks Emperors Flashcards

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1
Q

How long did the span of the Barrack Emperors last?

A

235-284 A.D.

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2
Q

What is a common trend with the Barrack Emperors?

A

There were plenty, there were short reigns

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3
Q

Who was the first Barrack Emperor?

A

Maximinus Thrax

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4
Q

How long did Maximinus Thrax reign for?

A

235-238 A.D.

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5
Q

When did Maximinus Thrax begin his reign?

A

235 A.D.

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6
Q

How many emperors were there in the year 238 A.D.?

A

6

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7
Q

Who was Maximinus Thrax?

A

Thracian peasant/soldier who succeeded Alexander Severus, was one of the “6 emperors” of 238 A.D.

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8
Q

As a reward for getting him the role of emperor, what did Maximinus Thrax do for his soldiers?

A

Doubled the pay of his soldiers

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9
Q

Who did Maximinus Thrax bribe in order to become emperor?

A

His soldiers

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10
Q

What made Maximinus Thrax unpopular with the people?

A

passed taxes to pay troops and finance a German campaign

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11
Q

What sect was particularly angered by Maximinus Thrax?

A

wealthy African landowners who had gained power in the senate since time of Septimius Severus

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12
Q

What city did Maximinus Thrax fail to take?

A

strategic city of Aquileia,

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13
Q

Who killed Maximinus Thrax?

A

His soldiers

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14
Q

When did Maximinius Thrax end his reign?

A

238 A.D.

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15
Q

Gordian I & Gordian II were emperors co-ruling from where in 238 A.D.?

A

North Africa

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16
Q

How old was Gordian the First?

A

Gordian I was 80 years old, perhaps the oldest person ever named Augustus

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17
Q

Gordian I & Gordian II were defeated by whom?

A

Troops loyal to Maximinus Thrax

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18
Q

What set of emperors were essentially appointed co-rulers by the Senate in 238 A.D.?

A

Pupienus & Balbinus

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19
Q

Who killed Pupienus & Balbinus?

A

The Praetorian Guard

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20
Q

How long did Gordian III rule for?

A

238-244 A.D.

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21
Q

Gordian III was the grandson of whom?

A

Grandson of Gordian I

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22
Q

How old was Gordian III when he became emperor?

A

13

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23
Q

Who was the victor of the year 238 A.D.?

A

Gordian III

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24
Q

Who looked after Gordian III?

A

praetorian prefect Timesitheus (died in 243 B.C.,

replaced by Philip)

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25
Q

What Praetorian Prefect was the guardian of Gordian III?

A

Timesitheus (died in 243 B.C.,

replaced by Philip)

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26
Q

When did Gordian III end his reign?

A

244 A.D.

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27
Q

How long did Philip the Arab rule for?

A

244-249 A.D.

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28
Q

In what year did Philip the Arab begin his reign?

A

244 A.D.

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29
Q

Who celebrated Rome’s 1000th anniversary?

A

Philip the Arab

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30
Q

Who defeated Philip the Arab?

A

Decius at Verona

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31
Q

Where was Philip the Arab defeated by Decius?

A

Verona in 249 A.D.

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32
Q

When did Decius begin his reign?

A

249 A.D.

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33
Q

How long did Decius reign for?

A

249-251 A.D.

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34
Q

Decius is known for his harsh prosecution of what religious group?

A

Christians

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35
Q

Decius was the first emperor to be killed in battle. What battle was Decius killed in?

A

battle at Abrittus against the Goths under Kniva

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36
Q

What enemy of Rome was Decius killed by?

A

Goths under Kniva

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37
Q

In what year did Decius die?

A

251 A.D.

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38
Q

Who ruled from 251-253 A.D.?

A

Trebonianus Gallus

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39
Q

Trebonianus Gallus made peace with what adversary?

A

Kniva and the Goths

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40
Q

Where was Trebonianus Gallus defeated?

A

Interamna in 253 A.D.?

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41
Q

How long did Valerian reign for?

A

253-260 A.D.

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42
Q

Who captured Valerian?

A

Captured by The Persians under Shapur I

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43
Q

Where was Valerian captured by the Persians and Shapur I?

A

Edessa (Carrhae)

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44
Q

How did Valerian die in 260 A.D.?

A

died in captivity

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45
Q

Who was the son of Valerian?

A

Gallienus

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46
Q

How long did Gallienus reign for as emperor?

A

253-268 A.D.

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47
Q

Who did Gallienus fight against?

A

the Alemanni and several other tribes and revolters

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48
Q

Impostors who claimed the throne under Gallienus were known as?

A

“Thirty Tyrants”

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49
Q

During Gallienus’s reign what empire was formed?

A

The Gallic Empire was established by Postumus (260 A.D.) (independent of the Roman Empire)

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50
Q

In what year was the Gallic Empire founded?

A

260 A.D.

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51
Q

Who founded the Gallic Empire?

A

Postumus

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52
Q

At its greatest extent the Gallic Empire stretched out how far?

A

at its height, it contained Germania, Gaul,

Britannia, and Hispania

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53
Q

Gallienus abandoned his war with the Goths to defeat whom in Italy?

A

M’. Acilius Aureolus at

a battle near Mediolanum (Milan)

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54
Q

Where did Gallienus defeat M’. Acilius Aureolus?

A

a battle near Mediolanum (Milan)

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55
Q

Gallienus had trusted whom before he turned out to be one of the “thirty tyrants”?

A

M’. Acilius Aureolus

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56
Q

Following the defeat of M’. Acilius Aureolus, what Illyrian officers assassinated Gallienus

A

Illyrian officers (including Claudius II and Aurelian)

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57
Q

In what year did Gallienus die?

A

268 A.D.

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58
Q

Gallienus the ended prosecution of what religious group, creating a 40 year peace?

A

Christians

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59
Q

How long did Claudius II (Gothicus) rule for?

A

268-270 A.D

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60
Q

What was Claudius II nickname?

A

Gothicus

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61
Q

In what battle does emperor Emperor Claudius the Second defeat the Alamanni?

A

Battle of Lake Benacus (268)

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62
Q

In what year does the Battle of Lake Benacus occur?

A

268 A.D.

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63
Q

In what battle did Claudius the Second and Aurelian command the Romans in the defeat of the Goths?

A

Battle of Naissus (268/269, disputed date)

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64
Q

When did the Battle of Naissus occur?

A

(269 A.D.) (According to Ward, Naissus may have occurred under Gallienus in 268 A.D.)

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65
Q

What was the bloodiest battle in the third century A.D.?

A

Battle of Naissus

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66
Q

How did Claudius the Second die?

A

of the plague

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67
Q

In what year did Claudius the Second die?

A

270 A.D.

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68
Q

Who was the brother of Claudius the Second, and may have ruled for mere days before Aurelian?

A

Quintillus

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69
Q

Who was Claudius Gothicus’s magister equitum?

A

Aurelian

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70
Q

How long did Aurelian reign for?

A

270-275 A.D.

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71
Q

What nickname of Aurelian replicates his harsh discipline?

A

Manus ad Ferrum (Hand on Steel)

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72
Q

What Palmyrene ruler did Aurelian defeat?

A

Zenobia

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73
Q

What empire did Aurelian restore after the defeat of Zenobia?

A

Palmyrene Empire

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74
Q

Who was made king and Augustus of the Palmyrene Empire in 271 A.D.?

A

Zenobia’s son Vabalathus

75
Q

In what year was Zenobia’s son, Vabalathus, made king of the Palmyrene Empire?

A

271 A.D.

76
Q

Who was Zenobia’s husband?

A

Odaenathus, an ally of Rome

77
Q

When did Zenobia’s husband die, leaving her to rule the Palmyrene Empire and challenge Roman authority?

A

267 A.D.

78
Q

When Zenobia was defeated, where did she live out the rest of her life?

A

Zenobia lived her days out in dignity, living at a villa in Tibur (Tivoli), married to a Roman senator

79
Q

What title is given to Aurelian for his success?

A

Restitutor Orbis (Restorer of the World)

80
Q

What success did Aurelian win against the Gallic Empire?

A

defeat of Tetricus of the Gallic Empire at Chalons-Sur-Marne (French city)

81
Q

Who did Aurelian defeat at Chalons-Sur-Marne?

A

Tetricus of the Gallic Empire

82
Q

For his success in the East, what title did Aurelian receive?

A

Restitutor Orientis (Restorer of the East)

83
Q

What city did Aurelian sack after they rebelled a second time?

A

Palmyra

84
Q

Similar to Elagabulus, what sun god did Aurelian worship?

A

Sun God (Sol Invictus)

85
Q

What defensive structure did Aurelian start building in 271 A.D.?

A

a brick wall around Rome that was 12 miles long, 20

feet high, and 12 feet thick, with 18 gates

86
Q

Aurelian stopped mint making for Roman coinage, instigating a revolt among the workers
led by whom?

A

Felicissimus

87
Q

Aurelian abandoned what province?

A

Dacia

88
Q

How did Aurelian die?

A

He was murdered in Thrace

89
Q

When did Aurelian die?

A

275 A.D., six months

90
Q

How long did Tacitus reign for?

A

275–276 A.D.

91
Q

How did Tacitus become emperor?

A

Chosen by the Senate

92
Q

How did Tacitus die?

A

Assassinated by his own troops

93
Q

Who finished construction on Aurelian’s Wall around Rome?

A

Emperor Probus

94
Q

What emperor sacked Ctesiphon in 283 A.D.?

A

Carus

95
Q

How is emperor Carus proclaimed to have died in 283 A.D.?

A

he was struck by lightning or killed by the praetorian

prefect Ape

96
Q

What emperors were the sons of emperor Carus?

A

Carinus (283-285 A.D.) in the West and Numerian (283-284 A.D.) in the East

97
Q

What son of Carus ruled the west?

A

Carinus (283-285 A.D.)

98
Q

What son of Carus ruled the east?

A

Numerian (283-284 A.D.)

99
Q

Where was Carinus defeated by Diocletian?

A

at the Battle of the River Margus (285 A.D.)

100
Q

In what year was Carinus defeated by Diocletian?

A

285 A.D.

101
Q

Numerian may have been killed by what Praetorian Prefect in 84 A.D.?

A

praetorian prefect L. Flavius Aper

102
Q

Who, believing praetorian prefect L. Flavius Aper had killed Numerian, slew praetorian prefect L. Flavius Aper?

A

Diocletian

103
Q

In what year did the Barrack Emperors Era end?

A

284 A.D.

104
Q

How tall was Maximinus Thrax?

A

8’6”

105
Q

What emperor of Rome was 8 feet, 6 inches tall?

A

Maximinius Thrax

106
Q

Who was the first barbarian emperor of Rome?

A

Maximinus Thrax

107
Q

What emperor of Rome ironically never set foot in the city?

A

Maximinus Thrax

108
Q

Maximinus Thrax ironically never set foot in what city, the center of the empire he controlled?

A

Rome

109
Q

Name the father-in-law of Gordian III, who was also his Praetorian Prefect

A

Gaius Furius Timesitheus

110
Q

Timesitheus was the father-in-law of what Roman emperor?

A

Gordian III

111
Q

What Roman emperor made peace with the Persians, namely Shapur I by reaching a settlement with him?

A

Philip the Arab

112
Q

Philip the Arab made peace with what king, of what people, by reaching a settlement with him?

A

Shapur I of Persia

113
Q

Name the son of Decius, who co-ruled with him

A

Herenius Etruscus

114
Q

Herenius Etruscus co-ruled with what Roman emperor, also his father?

A

Decius

115
Q

Who was the first emperor to die in battle?

A

Decius

116
Q

Decius was the first emperor to die in what manner?

A

In battle (against Kniva at Abrittus; 251 AD)

117
Q

What Roman emperor made a disadvantageous treaty with the Goths, namely allowing them high-ranking prisoners?

A

Trebonianus Gallus

118
Q

Trebonianus Gallus made a disadvantageous treaty with what people, allowing them high-ranking prisoners?

A

Goths

119
Q

Name the most important clause of the treaty that Trebonianus Gallus made with the Goths

A

Allowing the Goths high-ranking prisoners

120
Q

Name the son of Trebonianus Gallus, who co-ruled with him

A

Volusianus

121
Q

Volusianus co-ruled with what Roman emperor, who also was his father?

A

Trebonianus Gallus

122
Q

Name the king of Armenia deposed by Shapur I in 256 AD

A

Chosroes (of Armenia, NOT Parthia)

123
Q

Chosroes (of Armenia) was deposed by what Persian king in 256 AD?

A

Shapur I

124
Q

When was Chosroes of Armenia deposed by Shapur I?

A

256 AD

125
Q

When was the battle of Barbalissos?

A

256 AD

126
Q

What battle was in 256 AD?

A

Barbalissos

127
Q

What king of Persia defeats Rome at Barbalissos in 256 AD?

A

Shapur I

128
Q

At what battle did Shapur I defeat Rome after deposing Chosores of Armenia, in 256 AD?

A

Battle of Barbalissos

129
Q

What object did Valerian act as under Shapur I?

A

A stepping-stool

130
Q

What Roman emperor was forced to be a stepping-stool for Shapur I?

A

Valerian

131
Q

What general of legions on the Rhine mutinied against Rome with his troops in 259 AD?

A

Postumus

132
Q

Postumus was general of legions on what river when he mutinied against Rome in 259 AD?

A

Rhine

133
Q

When did Postumus mutiny against Rome with his legions on the Rhine?

A

259 AD

134
Q

What ruler of Palmyra was rewarded by Gallienus for defeating Shapur I?

A

Odenathus

135
Q

Odenathus was rewarded by what Roman emperor for defeating Shapur I?

A

Gallienus

136
Q

Odenathus was rewarded by Gallienus for defeating what Persian king?

A

Shapur I

137
Q

What Roman emperor introduced new cavalry corp, including Moorish javalin men, Dalmatian horseman, and cataphracts?

A

Gallienus

138
Q

Gallienus introduced new corp to what part of the Roman army?

A

Cavalry

139
Q

What Gothic tribe captured Byzantium in 267 AD, during the reign of Gallienus?

A

Heruli

140
Q

The Heruli tribe captured what city in 267 AD?

A

Byzantium

141
Q

When did the Heruli tribe capture Byzantium?

A

267 AD

142
Q

From what source is Claudius Gothicus said to have learned that he would die of the plague?

A

Sibylline Books

143
Q

What Roman emperor is said to have learned from the Sibylline Books that he would die of the plague?

A

Claudius Gothicus

144
Q

What Roman emperor styled himself as the vice-regent of the god Sol Invictus, building an enormous temple to him in Rome?

A

Aurelian

145
Q

Aurelian built an enormous temple to what god in Rome?

A

Sol Invictus

146
Q

Aurelian styled himself as the vice-regent of what god?

A

Sol Invictus

147
Q

Name the main advisor of Zenobia, a famous Greek rhetorician, polymath, and philosopher

A

Cassius Longinus

148
Q

Cassius Longinus was the main advisor of what ruler of Palmyra?

A

Zenobia

149
Q

Name the magister equitum of Aurelian

A

Probus

150
Q

Probus was magister equitum of what Roman emperor?

A

Aurelian

151
Q

Probus held what position in relation to Aurelian?

A

Magister Equitum

152
Q

Battles in 272 AD were fought aginst what ruler of Palmyra?

A

Zenobia

153
Q

At what two major locations did Aurelian defeat Zenobia in 272 AD?

A

Antioch, Emessa

154
Q

What Roman emperor was victorious at Antioch and Emessa, defeating Zenobia in 272 AD?

A

Aurelian

155
Q

What kingdom did Zenobia attempt to escape to before finally surrendering to the forces of Aurelian?

A

Persia

156
Q

Who was sent to a villa at Tivoli, living as the wife of a Roman senator despite her fighting against Aurelian in 272 AD?

A

Zenobia

157
Q

Where was Zenobia sent to live as the wife of a Roman senator after her surrendering to Rome?

A

Tivoli / Tibur

158
Q

What was the eventual fate of Zenobia after her surrendering to Rome?

A

To live as the wife of a Roman senator in Tivoli

159
Q

What advisor of Zenobia is executed by Aurelian?

A

Cassius Longinus

160
Q

Cassius Longinus, the advisor of Zenobia, was executed by what Roman emperor?

A

Aurelian

161
Q

What Roman Barracks emperor suppressed a rebellion in Alexandria?

A

Aurelian

162
Q

Aurelian suppressed a rebellion in what Egyptian city?

A

Alexandria

163
Q

At what city was Aurelian killed?

A

Coenofrurium

164
Q

What Roman emperor was killed at Coenofrurium in 275 AD?

A

Aurelian

165
Q

What Roman emperor was assasinated by his own soldiers in 276 AD, despite being victorious against the Goths and Alans?

A

Tacitus

166
Q

What people murdered the emperor Tacitus?

A

His own soldiers

167
Q

Against what two tribes did Tacitus win victories against during his reign as emperor of Rome?

A

Goths, Alans

168
Q

Who was the Gallic emperor during the reign of Cluadius Gothicus?

A

Marcus Piavonius Victorinus

169
Q

What Gallic emperor was aided by Claudius Gothicus when the town of Augustodunum revolted?

A

Marcus Piavonius Victorinus

170
Q

What Roman emperor aided Victorinus when the town of Augustodunum revolted?

A

Claudius Gothicus

171
Q

What eastern province became the first to declare for Maximinus Thrax in 234 AD?

A

Pannonia

172
Q

Pannonia was the first province to declare what Roman as emperor in 234 AD?

A

Maximinus Thrax

173
Q

Who proclaimed himself Restitutor Galliarum because he founded the Gallic Empire?

A

Marcus Cassianus Latinius Postumus

174
Q

What title did Postumus proclaim for himself, because he founded the Gallic Empire?

A

Restitutor Galliarum

175
Q

What magister equitum of Galilenus initially led the attack against Postumus in 265 AD, but was demoted due to his defeat?

A

Aureolus

176
Q

Aureolus held what position in relation to Gallienus before his revolt?

A

Magister Equitum

177
Q

Aureolus was the Magister Equitum of what Roman emperor, before revolting against him?

A

Gallienus

178
Q

Aureolus led the attack against what Restitutor Galliarum in 265 AD, but failed?

A

Marcus Cassianus Latinius Postumus

179
Q

Where did Timesitheus die?

A

Ctesiphon

180
Q

What Praetorian Prefect died at Ctesiphon, before being replaced by Philip the Arab?

A

Timesitheus

181
Q

Name the half-brother of Tacitus who breifly ruled after him

A

Florianus

182
Q

Florianus was the half-brother of what Roman emperor?

A

Tacitus

183
Q

At what city was Florianus killed in a mutiny?

A

Tarsus

184
Q

What Roman emperor was killed in a mutiny at Tarsus, the half-brother of Tacitus?

A

Florianus

Certamen History: Harrison + Roessler History Database (9 decks)

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