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NCLEX: Fundamentals Of Nursing > Set 9 > Flashcards

Set 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

List the macronutrients

A

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins

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2
Q

Main source of energy for the body

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

1g of carbs = ___ calories

A

4

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4
Q

1g of fat = ___ calories

A

9

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5
Q

Proteins that the body cannot make

A

Essential proteins

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6
Q

1g protein = ___ calories

A

4

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7
Q

List the micronutrients

A

Vitamins, minerals

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8
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B complex, vitamin C

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9
Q

Vitamins that need regular replacement due to constant loss through urine

A

Water soluble

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10
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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11
Q

Vitamins that are stored in the body and can cause toxicity

A

Fat soluble vitamins

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12
Q

Measure of body fat based on height and weight

A

BMI

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13
Q

BMI calculation

A

Weight (Kg) / height (meters)^2

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14
Q

Underweight BMI

A

< 18.5

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15
Q

Healthy BMI

A

18.5-24.9

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16
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

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17
Q

Obese BMI

A

> 30

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18
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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19
Q

A patient with Dysphagia is at an increased risk for

A

Aspiration

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20
Q

S/S of Dysphagia

A

Frequent coughing, clearing throat, pocketing food, difficulty eating or drinking

21
Q

Dysphagia patient education

A

Tuck chin to chest when swallowing

22
Q

NPO diet

A

Nothing by mouth including liquids

23
Q

Diet of consisting of fluids that are transparent and liquid at room temperature

A

Clear liquid diet

24
Q

Clear liquid diet examples

A

Juices (grape, apple, cranberry), black coffee, tea, water, broth, popsicles, ice chips

25
Q

Examples of full liquid diet

A

All the clear liquid items along with orange juice, milk, coffee with creamer, ice cream

26
Q

Dysphagia diet

A

Soft foods (b/c they are moistened and puréed), thickened liquids

27
Q

Capillary blood glucose measurement guidelines

A
  • clean skin with alcohol swab and let it dry completely to prevent inaccurate readings
  • use lancet on lateral side of finger
  • wipe away first drop of blood; use second for reading
28
Q

Tube inserted through the nose and to the stomach

A

Nasogastic tube (NG tube)

29
Q

NG tube indications

A

Decompression (removal of fluid/gas), administration of medications/enteral feedings

30
Q

Two different types of NG tubes

A

Double lumen and small-bore single lumen

31
Q

Example of double lumen NG tube

A

Salem Sump

32
Q

Double lumen NG tubes are most commonly used for

A

Decompression

33
Q

Example of small-bore single lumen NG tubes

A

Dobhoff

34
Q

Small bore single lumen NG tubes are best for

A

Medication administration and feeds

35
Q

How to measure NG tube?

A

NEX method: measure from nose to earlobe to xyphoid process at bottom of sternum; mark length with tape

36
Q

During NG tube insertion, encourage the patient to

A

Swallow or sip water to help advance the tube and make the process more comfortable

37
Q

Absolute confirmation for placement of NG tube

A

X-ray

38
Q

NG tube placement assessment

A

check for gastric pH (pull back on NG tube with syringe, test pH, pH should be highly acidic if in stomach (<5.5))

39
Q

Nutrition that is delivered to the GI tract

A

Enteral nutrition

40
Q

Types of enteral nutrition

A

NG tubes, percutanous tube (PEG, G, GJ)

41
Q

NG tubes are great for _____-term feedings

A

Short

42
Q

Percutaneous tubes are preferred for enteral feedings longer than _____ weeks

A

Four

43
Q

Enteral feedings best practices

A
  • HOB 30-45 degrees when feeding to decrease risk of aspiration
  • aspirate gastric contents BEFORE feed (if >500 mL, do not return to stomach and report to provider; if <500 mL, return to stomach)
  • flush tube with 30 mL of water before and after every feeding, medications, gastric residual volume checks (if continuous feeding, flush every 4 hours)
44
Q

How often should tubing and delivery sets be changed for enteral feedings?

A

Every 24 hours (prevents microbial growth)

45
Q

Nutrition delivered into the vascular space to avoid/go around the GI tract

A

Parenteral nutrition

46
Q

What kind of central lines are used for parenteral nutrition?

A

PICC line or central venous catheter

47
Q

TPN nursing assessment

A

Blood glucose levels (is patient getting enough?)

48
Q

TPN is discarded after ___ hours to prevent microbial growth

A

24

49
Q

If the next bag of TPN is unavailable, administer _________ until next bag is available

A

10-20%DW

NCLEX: Fundamentals Of Nursing (14 decks)

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