Set 9

Question 1

List the macronutrients

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins

Question 2

Main source of energy for the body

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

1g of carbs = ___ calories

Answer 3

4

Question 4

1g of fat = ___ calories

Answer 4

9

Question 5

Proteins that the body cannot make

Answer 5

Essential proteins

Question 6

1g protein = ___ calories

Answer 6

4

Question 7

List the micronutrients

Answer 7

Vitamins, minerals

Question 8

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 8

B complex, vitamin C

Question 9

Vitamins that need regular replacement due to constant loss through urine

Answer 9

Water soluble

Question 10

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 10

A, D, E, K

Question 11

Vitamins that are stored in the body and can cause toxicity

Answer 11

Fat soluble vitamins

Question 12

Measure of body fat based on height and weight

Answer 12

BMI

Question 13

BMI calculation

Answer 13

Weight (Kg) / height (meters)^2

Question 14

Underweight BMI

Answer 14

< 18.5

Question 15

Healthy BMI

Answer 15

18.5-24.9

Question 16

Overweight BMI

Answer 16

25-29.9

Question 17

Obese BMI

Answer 17

> 30

Question 18

Difficulty swallowing

Answer 18

Dysphagia

Question 19

A patient with Dysphagia is at an increased risk for

Answer 19

Aspiration

Question 20

S/S of Dysphagia

Answer 20

Frequent coughing, clearing throat, pocketing food, difficulty eating or drinking

Question 21

Dysphagia patient education

Answer 21

Tuck chin to chest when swallowing

Question 22

NPO diet

Answer 22

Nothing by mouth including liquids

Question 23

Diet of consisting of fluids that are transparent and liquid at room temperature

Answer 23

Clear liquid diet

Question 24

Clear liquid diet examples

Answer 24

Juices (grape, apple, cranberry), black coffee, tea, water, broth, popsicles, ice chips

Question 25

Examples of full liquid diet

Answer 25

All the clear liquid items along with orange juice, milk, coffee with creamer, ice cream

Question 26

Dysphagia diet

Answer 26

Soft foods (b/c they are moistened and puréed), thickened liquids

Question 27

Capillary blood glucose measurement guidelines

Answer 27

- clean skin with alcohol swab and let it dry completely to prevent inaccurate readings - use lancet on lateral side of finger - wipe away first drop of blood; use second for reading

Question 28

Tube inserted through the nose and to the stomach

Answer 28

Nasogastic tube (NG tube)

Question 29

NG tube indications

Answer 29

Decompression (removal of fluid/gas), administration of medications/enteral feedings

Question 30

Two different types of NG tubes

Answer 30

Double lumen and small-bore single lumen

Question 31

Example of double lumen NG tube

Answer 31

Salem Sump

Question 32

Double lumen NG tubes are most commonly used for

Answer 32

Decompression

Question 33

Example of small-bore single lumen NG tubes

Answer 33

Dobhoff

Question 34

Small bore single lumen NG tubes are best for

Answer 34

Medication administration and feeds

Question 35

How to measure NG tube?

Answer 35

NEX method: measure from nose to earlobe to xyphoid process at bottom of sternum; mark length with tape

Question 36

During NG tube insertion, encourage the patient to

Answer 36

Swallow or sip water to help advance the tube and make the process more comfortable

Question 37

Absolute confirmation for placement of NG tube

Answer 37

X-ray

Question 38

NG tube placement assessment

Answer 38

check for gastric pH (pull back on NG tube with syringe, test pH, pH should be highly acidic if in stomach (<5.5))

Question 39

Nutrition that is delivered to the GI tract

Answer 39

Enteral nutrition

Question 40

Types of enteral nutrition

Answer 40

NG tubes, percutanous tube (PEG, G, GJ)

Question 41

NG tubes are great for _____-term feedings

Answer 41

Short

Question 42

Percutaneous tubes are preferred for enteral feedings longer than _____ weeks

Answer 42

Four

Question 43

Enteral feedings best practices

Answer 43

- HOB 30-45 degrees when feeding to decrease risk of aspiration - aspirate gastric contents BEFORE feed (if >500 mL, do not return to stomach and report to provider; if <500 mL, return to stomach) - flush tube with 30 mL of water before and after every feeding, medications, gastric residual volume checks (if continuous feeding, flush every 4 hours)

Question 44

How often should tubing and delivery sets be changed for enteral feedings?

Answer 44

Every 24 hours (prevents microbial growth)

Question 45

Nutrition delivered into the vascular space to avoid/go around the GI tract

Answer 45

Parenteral nutrition

Question 46

What kind of central lines are used for parenteral nutrition?

Answer 46

PICC line or central venous catheter

Question 47

TPN nursing assessment

Answer 47

Blood glucose levels (is patient getting enough?)

Question 48

TPN is discarded after ___ hours to prevent microbial growth

Answer 48

24

Question 49

If the next bag of TPN is unavailable, administer _________ until next bag is available

Answer 49

10-20%DW