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NCLEX: Fundamentals Of Nursing > Set 14 - Community Health > Flashcards

Set 14 - Community Health Flashcards

1
Q

A group of people that are connected in some way such as socially, personally, geographically, etc.

A

Community

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2
Q

A subgroup of subpopulation of people who share the same concerns or characteristics (a community within a community)

A

Aggregate

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3
Q

_________-_________ nursing has a focus on health promotion and disease prevention within a community or population

A

Community oriented

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4
Q

Name a type of community-oriented nursing

A

Public health

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5
Q

Nursing that focuses on illness care within the community itself (nurse is in the community providing the care)

A

Community-based nursing

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6
Q

Nursing that involves taking care of a patient within their own residence

A

Home health

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7
Q

_________ nurses provide palliative care and emotional support to patients during end of life/the process of death

A

Hospice

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8
Q

_________-_________ nurses provide screenings, surveillance, and education to help prevent workplace injury and accidents

A

Occupational health

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9
Q

_________ nurses provide health education and promotion within a faith community with a focus on spiritual health of the community

A

Faith-based/parish

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10
Q

_________-_________ nurses provide preventative care, including screenings for vision and hearing, acute and emergent settings, and can help with coordination of care for students that have chronic illnesses

A

School based

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11
Q

Interventions aimed at preventing a disease before it begins/is diagnosed

A

Primary

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12
Q

Primary interventions revolve around

A

Education

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13
Q

What level of prevention are immunizations under?

A

Primary

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14
Q

Interventions aimed at early detection of diseases or screenings

A

Secondary

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15
Q

Interventions focused on slowing or stopping disease processes and complications after disease has been diagnosed

A

Tertiary

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16
Q

Examples of tertiary interventions

A

Rehabilitation, support groups

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17
Q

How to remember primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions

A

Primary: Prevents illnesses
Secondary: Screens for illnesses
Tertiary: Treats existing illness

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18
Q

Environmental or social factors that profoundly influence the individuals risk factors and health outcomes

A

Determinants of health

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19
Q

Patients at higher risk for poor health outcomes

A

Low socioeconomic status, minority population, marginalized population, socially isolated

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20
Q

MV and industry emissions such as carbon monoxide, ground level ozone, and particulate matter are examples of

A

Outdoor air pollution posing environmental hazard

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21
Q

Tobacco smoke, asbestos, and mold are examples of

A

Indoor air pollution posing environment hazard

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22
Q

Ergonomic risks such as back injuries are most common in individuals who have

A

Repetitive motion task jobs or jobs that require heavy lifting

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23
Q

Excess exposure to lead that can cause damage to the nervous system including cognitive cognitive impairments

A

Lead poisoning

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24
Q

Primary risk factor for lead poisoning

A

Pre-1978 housing (lead-based paint), especially during renovation

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25
Nursing care for lead poisoning
- screening at risk clients - monitoring serum levels - chelation therapy
26
Chelation therapy is provided to patients with lead serum level above
45
27
Lead poisoning patient education
Check for peeling/flaking/chipping paint, wet mopping floors is ideal for cleaning (prevents dispersion of particles that could be inhaled), wash toys, pacifiers, and children’s hands and mouths. Prevent child play in soil surrounding home
28
Increasing a child’s intake of _________ and _________ can decrease lead absorption
Calcium; iron
29
Toxicity from carbon monoxide, which is a tasteless, colorless, and odorless gas
Carbon monoxide poisoning
30
Carbon monoxide poisoning risk factors
Poor ventilation, malfunctioning indoor heating equipment, car exhaust, house fires
31
Prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide detector, maintainence of heating unit, ensure adequate ventilation, do not use items run on gasoline or charcoal such as generators, grills, camp stoves, heating units, etc. INSIDE (anywhere where ventilation may be limited)
32
S/S of carbon monoxide poisoning
headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, disorientation
33
Carbon monoxide binds to _________ in place of oxygen, which is why someone with carbon monoxide poisoning might present with a normal pulse oximetry
Hemoglobin
34
What are the two categories of subsidized health insurance?
Medicare and Medicaid
35
An insurance program for individuals over the age of 65
Medicare
36
Younger (<65) individuals may still qualify for Medicare if
They have been diagnosed with certain disease processes (end stage renal disease requiring dialysis, ALS)
37
Medicare is broken down into ___ parts
4
38
Part ___ of Medicare is coverage for inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing facilities, and home health
A
39
Part ___ of Medicare is outpatient care, medical services, and preventative care
B
40
Part ___ of Medicare is part A and B combined through private insurance, and it can also include vision, hearing, and dental, as well as prescription drug coverage
C
41
Part ___ of Medicare is prescription drug coverage
D
42
Easy way to remember the parts of Medicare and what they do
Part A - Acute care Part B - Basic medical coverage Part C - Commercial insurance Part D - Drug coverage
43
Assistance program for low income individuals and families based on their taxable income and family size
Medicaid
44
Groups of people that have a higher risk of poor health outcomes due to societal barriers, lack of resources, or even just a physical limitation
Vulnerable populations
45
Examples of vulnerable populations
Migrant workers, homeless, veterans, LQBTQ+, individuals with disabilities
46
Community risk factors for experiencing violence include
Poverty, unemployment, mental health disorders, substance abuse access to firearms, media influence
47
Risk factors for experiencing homicide
Male, African American, young adulthood age category
48
Risk factors for experiencing suicide
Male, Native American, over the age of 75
49
Risk factors for experiencing sexual assault
Female, intimate partner violence
50
Witnessing and being the victim of violent acts may lead to long-term poor health outcomes including
Behavioral changes, mental health issues
51
Individuals that are exposed to violence at any age are more likely to experience or perpetrate
Intimate partner violence
52
Health risks specific to infants include
Congenital defects, preterm or LBW, SIDS, accidental injuries (suffocation)
53
Priority family teaching for infant health risks
Prenatal care, benefits of breastfeeding, sleep safety (baby on back for all sleep)
54
Health risks specific to children
Accidental injuries (sports/being active, choking, drowning), obesity
55
Important family teaching for children health risks
Car seat safety, protective equipment for sports/activities, healthy eating and exercise, immunizations
56
Health risks specific to adolescents
Mental health disorders, substance use, smoking, MVAs, STIs
57
Family teaching for adolescent health risks
Safe sex practices/abstinence, MV safety, monitoring for substance abuse and mental health issues
58
Health risks for adults up to the age of 65
Chronic diseases, reproductive issues
59
Patient education for adult (<65) health risks
Preventative care (annual exams/screenings), healthy lifestyle choices (weight-bearing exercises)
60
The _________ theory posits that a family is an interdependent unit (what happens to one person affects the rest of the family unit)
Family systems
61
Graphic representation of a family tree that typically covers three generations and is often used to depict medical or health history to recognize patterns
Genogram
62
A diagram that highlights the relationships between individual family members and outside systems
Ecomap
63
Nursing consideration when working with family
Transitions are a period of increased risk
64
Collecting data by performing interviews with individuals in the targeted community
Informant interviews
65
Observing individuals in a community at a specific place or location over a period of time
Direct observation
66
Driving around in a community and observing what you can through your cars windshield
Windshield survey
67
Analyzing preexisting data (such as census bureau data, vital statistics records, community health records, etc)
Secondary analysis
68
Proving and collecting surgery from individuals in a targeted community
Surveys
69
Steps for management of disasters
Mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery
70
The prevention and/or reduction of the causes, impacts, or consequences of a disaster
Mitigation
71
The planning, training, and education for unavoidable disasters
Preparedness
72
Developing things like a disaster action plan, identifying evacuation routes, developing a communication plan, executing disaster drills, and creating supply kits increase _________
Preparedness
73
Implementation of the disaster plan
Response
74
Key role of a nurse in the response to a disaster
Triage of victims
75
Restoration such as physical rebuilding of structures and revisiting disaster plan
Recovery
76
Triage for mass casualty events focuses on
The greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people
77
How many classes in mass casualty triage and what are the associated colors?
Class 1: red Class 2: yellow Class 3: green Class 4: black
78
Class ___ includes individuals that are experiencing a serious life-threatening injury (ex: hemorrhage lacerations, amputations). These individuals are prioritized and should be treated first
1
79
Class ___ patients have injuries that are serious, but are not life-threatening (ex: open fracture that is not hemorrhaging, full thickness burn that is not affecting the airway)
2
80
While class 2 patients have serious injuries, they could survive for ___ min without medical interventions
60
81
Class ___ patients have experience a minor injury (often referred to as “walking wounded”) (Ex: wrist fractures, sprains, abrasions, minor lacerations)
3
82
T or F: Class 3 patient medical treatment can be delayed for several hours without having a life-threatening impact
True
83
Class ___ patients have suffered mortal injury or an injury that is going to lead to death (ex: penetrating head wounds, unresponsive w/agonal breathing); these patients are not prioritized as their chance for survival is little to none
4
84
The study of the distribution, causes, and risk factors of health-related events in a specific population
Epidemiology
85
A model used by scientists to study health-based problems
Epidemiological triangle
86
What are the three parts of the epidemiological triangle
Agent, host, environment
87
Component of the epidemiological triangle that caused the disease (bacteria, virus, pollutant)
Agent
88
Part of the epidemiological triangle characterized as the infected organism (human, animal)
Host
89
Part of the epidemiological triangle that describes external factors that allow the disease to spread (including contaminated water, warm weather)
Environment
90
The number of new cases of a disease or injury in a population during a specific period of time
Incidence
91
The number of new and preexisting cases in a population during a specific time
Prevalence
92
The number of new cases divided by the total population
Attack rate
93
Disease that is typically present within a particular population or a certain geographic area
Endemic
94
An increase in a number of cases beyond what is normally expected of that disease within the population or geographic area
Epidemic
95
Spreading of disease into much wider populations and geographic areas (across countries, continents)
Pandemic
96
A collection of diseases that are monitored by the nationally notifiable diseases surveillance system in order to prevent the occurrence and/or spread of these diseases
Nationally notifiable diseases
97
The deliberate release of biologic agents with the intent to harm or kill individuals in the general population
Bioterrorism (anthrax and smallpox common)
98
Deadly infectious disease caused by B anthracis spores
Anthrax
99
S/S of anthrax
Fever, SOB, coughing, N/V, diaphoresis
100
Tx of anthrax
Antibiotics (ciprafloxacin, doxycycline) and antitoxins
101
A deadly infectious disease causes by the variola virus that was eradicated in 1979, but stockpiles still exist of the virus, and thus there is a potential threat for bioterrorism event
Smallpox
102
S/S of smallpox
Fever, rash (starts in mouth and moves down body)
103
Tx of smallpox
Vaccine, antivirals

NCLEX: Fundamentals Of Nursing (14 decks)

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