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NCLEX: Fundamentals Of Nursing > Set 14 - Community Health > Flashcards

Set 14 - Community Health Flashcards

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1
Q

A group of people that are connected in some way such as socially, personally, geographically, etc.

A

Community

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2
Q

A subgroup of subpopulation of people who share the same concerns or characteristics (a community within a community)

A

Aggregate

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3
Q

_________-_________ nursing has a focus on health promotion and disease prevention within a community or population

A

Community oriented

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4
Q

Name a type of community-oriented nursing

A

Public health

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5
Q

Nursing that focuses on illness care within the community itself (nurse is in the community providing the care)

A

Community-based nursing

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6
Q

Nursing that involves taking care of a patient within their own residence

A

Home health

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7
Q

_________ nurses provide palliative care and emotional support to patients during end of life/the process of death

A

Hospice

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8
Q

_________-_________ nurses provide screenings, surveillance, and education to help prevent workplace injury and accidents

A

Occupational health

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9
Q

_________ nurses provide health education and promotion within a faith community with a focus on spiritual health of the community

A

Faith-based/parish

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10
Q

_________-_________ nurses provide preventative care, including screenings for vision and hearing, acute and emergent settings, and can help with coordination of care for students that have chronic illnesses

A

School based

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11
Q

Interventions aimed at preventing a disease before it begins/is diagnosed

A

Primary

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12
Q

Primary interventions revolve around

A

Education

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13
Q

What level of prevention are immunizations under?

A

Primary

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14
Q

Interventions aimed at early detection of diseases or screenings

A

Secondary

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15
Q

Interventions focused on slowing or stopping disease processes and complications after disease has been diagnosed

A

Tertiary

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16
Q

Examples of tertiary interventions

A

Rehabilitation, support groups

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17
Q

How to remember primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions

A

Primary: Prevents illnesses
Secondary: Screens for illnesses
Tertiary: Treats existing illness

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18
Q

Environmental or social factors that profoundly influence the individuals risk factors and health outcomes

A

Determinants of health

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19
Q

Patients at higher risk for poor health outcomes

A

Low socioeconomic status, minority population, marginalized population, socially isolated

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20
Q

MV and industry emissions such as carbon monoxide, ground level ozone, and particulate matter are examples of

A

Outdoor air pollution posing environmental hazard

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21
Q

Tobacco smoke, asbestos, and mold are examples of

A

Indoor air pollution posing environment hazard

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22
Q

Ergonomic risks such as back injuries are most common in individuals who have

A

Repetitive motion task jobs or jobs that require heavy lifting

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23
Q

Excess exposure to lead that can cause damage to the nervous system including cognitive cognitive impairments

A

Lead poisoning

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24
Q

Primary risk factor for lead poisoning

A

Pre-1978 housing (lead-based paint), especially during renovation

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25
Q

Nursing care for lead poisoning

A
  • screening at risk clients
  • monitoring serum levels
  • chelation therapy
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26
Q

Chelation therapy is provided to patients with lead serum level above

A

45

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27
Q

Lead poisoning patient education

A

Check for peeling/flaking/chipping paint, wet mopping floors is ideal for cleaning (prevents dispersion of particles that could be inhaled), wash toys, pacifiers, and children’s hands and mouths. Prevent child play in soil surrounding home

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28
Q

Increasing a child’s intake of _________ and _________ can decrease lead absorption

A

Calcium; iron

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29
Q

Toxicity from carbon monoxide, which is a tasteless, colorless, and odorless gas

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

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30
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning risk factors

A

Poor ventilation, malfunctioning indoor heating equipment, car exhaust, house fires

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31
Q

Prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Carbon monoxide detector, maintainence of heating unit, ensure adequate ventilation, do not use items run on gasoline or charcoal such as generators, grills, camp stoves, heating units, etc. INSIDE (anywhere where ventilation may be limited)

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32
Q

S/S of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, disorientation

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33
Q

Carbon monoxide binds to _________ in place of oxygen, which is why someone with carbon monoxide poisoning might present with a normal pulse oximetry

A

Hemoglobin

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34
Q

What are the two categories of subsidized health insurance?

A

Medicare and Medicaid

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35
Q

An insurance program for individuals over the age of 65

A

Medicare

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36
Q

Younger (<65) individuals may still qualify for Medicare if

A

They have been diagnosed with certain disease processes (end stage renal disease requiring dialysis, ALS)

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37
Q

Medicare is broken down into ___ parts

A

4

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38
Q

Part ___ of Medicare is coverage for inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing facilities, and home health

A

A

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39
Q

Part ___ of Medicare is outpatient care, medical services, and preventative care

A

B

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40
Q

Part ___ of Medicare is part A and B combined through private insurance, and it can also include vision, hearing, and dental, as well as prescription drug coverage

A

C

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41
Q

Part ___ of Medicare is prescription drug coverage

A

D

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42
Q

Easy way to remember the parts of Medicare and what they do

A

Part A - Acute care
Part B - Basic medical coverage
Part C - Commercial insurance
Part D - Drug coverage

43
Q

Assistance program for low income individuals and families based on their taxable income and family size

A

Medicaid

44
Q

Groups of people that have a higher risk of poor health outcomes due to societal barriers, lack of resources, or even just a physical limitation

A

Vulnerable populations

45
Q

Examples of vulnerable populations

A

Migrant workers, homeless, veterans, LQBTQ+, individuals with disabilities

46
Q

Community risk factors for experiencing violence include

A

Poverty, unemployment, mental health disorders, substance abuse access to firearms, media influence

47
Q

Risk factors for experiencing homicide

A

Male, African American, young adulthood age category

48
Q

Risk factors for experiencing suicide

A

Male, Native American, over the age of 75

49
Q

Risk factors for experiencing sexual assault

A

Female, intimate partner violence

50
Q

Witnessing and being the victim of violent acts may lead to long-term poor health outcomes including

A

Behavioral changes, mental health issues

51
Q

Individuals that are exposed to violence at any age are more likely to experience or perpetrate

A

Intimate partner violence

52
Q

Health risks specific to infants include

A

Congenital defects, preterm or LBW, SIDS, accidental injuries (suffocation)

53
Q

Priority family teaching for infant health risks

A

Prenatal care, benefits of breastfeeding, sleep safety (baby on back for all sleep)

54
Q

Health risks specific to children

A

Accidental injuries (sports/being active, choking, drowning), obesity

55
Q

Important family teaching for children health risks

A

Car seat safety, protective equipment for sports/activities, healthy eating and exercise, immunizations

56
Q

Health risks specific to adolescents

A

Mental health disorders, substance use, smoking, MVAs, STIs

57
Q

Family teaching for adolescent health risks

A

Safe sex practices/abstinence, MV safety, monitoring for substance abuse and mental health issues

58
Q

Health risks for adults up to the age of 65

A

Chronic diseases, reproductive issues

59
Q

Patient education for adult (<65) health risks

A

Preventative care (annual exams/screenings), healthy lifestyle choices (weight-bearing exercises)

60
Q

The _________ theory posits that a family is an interdependent unit (what happens to one person affects the rest of the family unit)

A

Family systems

61
Q

Graphic representation of a family tree that typically covers three generations and is often used to depict medical or health history to recognize patterns

A

Genogram

62
Q

A diagram that highlights the relationships between individual family members and outside systems

A

Ecomap

63
Q

Nursing consideration when working with family

A

Transitions are a period of increased risk

64
Q

Collecting data by performing interviews with individuals in the targeted community

A

Informant interviews

65
Q

Observing individuals in a community at a specific place or location over a period of time

A

Direct observation

66
Q

Driving around in a community and observing what you can through your cars windshield

A

Windshield survey

67
Q

Analyzing preexisting data (such as census bureau data, vital statistics records, community health records, etc)

A

Secondary analysis

68
Q

Proving and collecting surgery from individuals in a targeted community

A

Surveys

69
Q

Steps for management of disasters

A

Mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery

70
Q

The prevention and/or reduction of the causes, impacts, or consequences of a disaster

A

Mitigation

71
Q

The planning, training, and education for unavoidable disasters

A

Preparedness

72
Q

Developing things like a disaster action plan, identifying evacuation routes, developing a communication plan, executing disaster drills, and creating supply kits increase _________

A

Preparedness

73
Q

Implementation of the disaster plan

A

Response

74
Q

Key role of a nurse in the response to a disaster

A

Triage of victims

75
Q

Restoration such as physical rebuilding of structures and revisiting disaster plan

A

Recovery

76
Q

Triage for mass casualty events focuses on

A

The greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people

77
Q

How many classes in mass casualty triage and what are the associated colors?

A

Class 1: red
Class 2: yellow
Class 3: green
Class 4: black

78
Q

Class ___ includes individuals that are experiencing a serious life-threatening injury (ex: hemorrhage lacerations, amputations). These individuals are prioritized and should be treated first

A

1

79
Q

Class ___ patients have injuries that are serious, but are not life-threatening (ex: open fracture that is not hemorrhaging, full thickness burn that is not affecting the airway)

A

2

80
Q

While class 2 patients have serious injuries, they could survive for ___ min without medical interventions

A

60

81
Q

Class ___ patients have experience a minor injury (often referred to as “walking wounded”) (Ex: wrist fractures, sprains, abrasions, minor lacerations)

A

3

82
Q

T or F: Class 3 patient medical treatment can be delayed for several hours without having a life-threatening impact

A

True

83
Q

Class ___ patients have suffered mortal injury or an injury that is going to lead to death (ex: penetrating head wounds, unresponsive w/agonal breathing); these patients are not prioritized as their chance for survival is little to none

A

4

84
Q

The study of the distribution, causes, and risk factors of health-related events in a specific population

A

Epidemiology

85
Q

A model used by scientists to study health-based problems

A

Epidemiological triangle

86
Q

What are the three parts of the epidemiological triangle

A

Agent, host, environment

87
Q

Component of the epidemiological triangle that caused the disease (bacteria, virus, pollutant)

A

Agent

88
Q

Part of the epidemiological triangle characterized as the infected organism (human, animal)

A

Host

89
Q

Part of the epidemiological triangle that describes external factors that allow the disease to spread (including contaminated water, warm weather)

A

Environment

90
Q

The number of new cases of a disease or injury in a population during a specific period of time

A

Incidence

91
Q

The number of new and preexisting cases in a population during a specific time

A

Prevalence

92
Q

The number of new cases divided by the total population

A

Attack rate

93
Q

Disease that is typically present within a particular population or a certain geographic area

A

Endemic

94
Q

An increase in a number of cases beyond what is normally expected of that disease within the population or geographic area

A

Epidemic

95
Q

Spreading of disease into much wider populations and geographic areas (across countries, continents)

A

Pandemic

96
Q

A collection of diseases that are monitored by the nationally notifiable diseases surveillance system in order to prevent the occurrence and/or spread of these diseases

A

Nationally notifiable diseases

97
Q

The deliberate release of biologic agents with the intent to harm or kill individuals in the general population

A

Bioterrorism (anthrax and smallpox common)

98
Q

Deadly infectious disease caused by B anthracis spores

A

Anthrax

99
Q

S/S of anthrax

A

Fever, SOB, coughing, N/V, diaphoresis

100
Q

Tx of anthrax

A

Antibiotics (ciprafloxacin, doxycycline) and antitoxins

101
Q

A deadly infectious disease causes by the variola virus that was eradicated in 1979, but stockpiles still exist of the virus, and thus there is a potential threat for bioterrorism event

A

Smallpox

102
Q

S/S of smallpox

A

Fever, rash (starts in mouth and moves down body)

103
Q

Tx of smallpox

A

Vaccine, antivirals

NCLEX: Fundamentals Of Nursing (14 decks)

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