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Step 2 > Set 4 > Flashcards

Set 4 Flashcards

1
Q

OCPs decrease the risk of what? Increase?

A 
Decrease = Endometrial, ovarian
Increase = VTE, HTN
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2
Q

Arrhythmia caused by digoxin toxicity

A

Atrial tachycardia w/ AV block (increased ectopy and increased vagal tone)

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3
Q

Autism vs. Child Disintegrative Disorder

A

Autism ALWAYS manifests before 3yo
CDD displays normal development until ~2yo followed by LOSS of PREVIOUSLY acquired skills in 2+ areas (language, social, bowel/bladder, motor) with ENSUING autistic features

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4
Q

Young healthy person suddenly dies, ddx?

A

HCM –> tx BB or CCB

QT prolongation snydrome –> tx BB +/- pacemaker if sx

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5
Q

Jervell-Lange Nielson

A

torsades + hearing impairment + fhx

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6
Q

Ca2+, Phos, vit D and PTH levels in secondary hyperPTH

A 
Increased = Phos and PTH
decreased = vit d and Ca2+
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7
Q

Tx DKA

A

IV NS or** 1/2NS+K (if hypokalemic BEFORE insulin, must use 1/2NS with K+ to make isotonic)
then insulin

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8
Q

Trigeminal nerve palsy and limb ataxia, wheres the lesion?

A

lateral pons

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9
Q

Dx, Tx hypertensive encephalopathy

A

BP > 180/120

Tx nitroprusside and labetolol

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10
Q

Jugular venous tracing letters / meaning

A 
a,c,x,v,y
a- atrial contraction
c- ventricular contraction
x down- RA relaxation
v- valve closed and RA filling
y down- blood flows from RA to RV
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11
Q

2mo vaccinations (6)

A

Hep B(2), rotavirus, TDaP, Hib, Pneumococcal, Inactivated polio

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12
Q

pure motor stroke

A

Lacunar infarct (posterior limb of IC)

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13
Q

Tx CML

A

imatinib

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14
Q

7 tocalytics

A 
B-agonist --> terbutaline or ritodrine
MgS
nifedipine
indomethacin
nitroglycerin
oxytocin ANTagonist
progesterone
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15
Q

Tx aortic regurg

A

decrease afterload = nifedipine or ACEI

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16
Q

Tx EPS

A

diphenhydramine, bezontropine or triheyphenidyl (anticholinergics)

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17
Q

Bullae and ulcers w/ central necrosis in an immunocompromised patient

A

pseudomonas - erythema gangrenosum

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18
Q

Tx depression with insomnia AND decreased appetite

A

mirtazapine (TCA) good in old folks

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19
Q

contralateral paralysis and loss of touch/vibration/proprio and tongue deviating to the IPSilateral side, wheres the lesion?

A

Medial medullary syndrome

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20
Q

Systolic murmur that disappears with squatting

A

MVP (squatting increases venous return)

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21
Q

severe / refractory HTN and muscle weakness, dx? Tx?

A

Conn’s Syndrome aka Primary hyperaldosteronism (hypoK causes weakness)
Tx = spironolactone

22
Q

MCC death in MI patients

A

Vfib –> defibrillate

23
Q

ispilateral limb ataxia, contralateral eye deviation and paralysis, wheres the lesion?

A

Medial Pons

24
Q

Drugs for Tx of parkinson’s

A

DA agonists = levodopa/carbidopa, bromocryptine, amantadine
anticholinesterase = benztropine
MAO-B inhibitor = selegeline

25
Q

Loss of contralateral pain/temp, ipsilateral loss of face pain/temp, difficulty swalling, cerebellar ataxia and horner’s syndrome

A

Lateral medullary syndrome aka Wallenberg, 2/2 PICA stroke

26
Q

SE terbutaline

A 
B1 = tachycardia / increased SV
B2 = vasodilation and bronchodilation
27
Q

Narrow QRS with P waves buried in beggining of QRS (ie not discernable)? Tx?

A

AVNRT aka paroxysmal SVT (rentry causes simultaneous atrial and ventricular contraction)
stable = carotid massage/valsalva, adenosine
unstable = cardiovert

28
Q

TB pleural effusion vs. epyema

A

TB = VERY high protein (>4), LYMPHOCYTIC leukocytosis, glucose midly low

empyeme = VERY low glucose, frank prurulence and PMN dominant leukocytosis

29
Q

3 MCC foot drop

A

peripheral neuropathy
L5 radiculopathy
common peroneal nerve damage (fibula neck fx)

30
Q

Tx chronic stable angina

A

1st BB then +/- CCB

Nitrates used acutely

31
Q

kid, holosystolic murmur at LLSB and apical diastolic murmur

A

VSD

32
Q

Effect of chronic steroid use on muscles

A

steroid-induced myopathy = painless* proximal muscle weakness LE before UE
improves after d/c steroids

33
Q

systolic and diastolic abdominal bruit

A

think RAS

34
Q

bilateral hip, thigh buttock claudication, impotence, symmetric atrophy BLE

A

aortoiliac occusion causing chronic ischemia

35
Q

Second line mood stabilizers

A

carbemazepine or valproate

36
Q

Tx hypertriglyceridemia

A

fibrates (fenofibrate or gemfibrozil) = LPL stimulators that increase HDL, decrease TG

37
Q

Dx criteria ARDS

A

acute onset

PaO2/FiO2 <18

38
Q

lifestyle mods for decreasing HTN in order of effectiveness (5)

A

weight loss > DASH diet > low salt diet/exercise > decrease alcohol intake

39
Q

electrical alternans suggests

A

pericardial effusion

40
Q

Dx spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A

paracentesis w/ >250PMN, protein >1, glucose <50, LDH greater than serum

41
Q

3 tests before starting Lithium

A

Creatinine, TSH/T4, BhCG

42
Q

Tx vtach

A 
stable = amiodarone (2nd line lidocaine, procainamide)
unstable = cardiovert
43
Q

nerve most often damaged in mastectomy / effect

A

long thoracic nerve –> winged scapula

44
Q

prominant x and y descents on JVP w/ early heart sounds following S2

A 
constrictive pericarditis (TB if outside US, viral in US)
early heart sound = pericardial knock
45
Q

Which type of bilirubin causes pruritus

A

direct (conjugated) bc conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble and thus floats freely in blood (unconjugated is bound to albumin)

46
Q

Live vaccines for HIV patients?

A

ONLY MMR and varicella if 200

47
Q

Medication given after gastric bypass

A

ursodeoxycholic acid x6mo to prevent gallstones 2/2 rapid weight loss inducing increased [bile]

48
Q

Hepatomegaly, CHF, DM and testicular atrophy

A

hemochromatosis

49
Q

Tx overflow incontinence

A

timed voids, double voids, intermittent cath or BETHANECHOL (cholinergic agonist)

50
Q

pericaridits in CKD patient? Tx?

A 
uremic pericarditis (BUN>60)
Tx hemodialysis

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