FA Rapid Review 1 Flashcards
Negative Nikolsky’s Sign
Bullous Pemphigoid
Cradle Cap
Seborrheic Keratosis, Tx antifungals
Dewdrop on a rose petal
Lesions of primary varicella
Doughy skin
hypernatremia
stones, bones, psychiatric overtones
s/s hypercalcemia
stuck on appearance
seborrheic keratosis
A flutter finding on EKG
sawtooth P waves
Tx HTN in diabetic w/ proteinuria
ACEI
Drugs that slow AV nodal transmission
BB, CCBs, digoxin
post-MI fever, pericarditis, increased ESR
Dressler’s Syndrome
IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment?
Tricuspid regurg, Tx heart failure and valve replacement
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Echocardiogram (showing thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction)
A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration.
Pulsus paradoxus (seen in cardiac tamponade)
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis.
Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation
Definition of HTN
BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks apart
Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension.
Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit.
Abdominal ultrasound and CT
Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
> 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured
Treatment for acute coronary syndrome.
Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, ASA, IV β-blockers, heparin
Appropriate diagnostic test? ■ A 65-year-old woman with left bundle branch block and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina.
Pharmacologic stress test (e.g., dobutamine echo)
Signs of active ischemia during stress testing.
Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG, or ↓ BP
A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are normal.
Prinzmetal’s angina
The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism.
V/Q scan
Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens.
Oral surgery—amoxicillin; GI or GU procedures—ampicillin and gentamicin before and amoxicillin after
The most common cause of hypertension in young men.
The most common cause of hypertension in young men.
The most common type of skin cancer; the lesion is a pearly-colored papule with a translucent surface and telangiectasias.
Basal cell carcinoma
A febrile patient with a history of diabetes presents with a red, swollen, painful lower extremity.
Cellulitis
Positive Nikolsky’s Sign
Pemphigus Vulgaris
A 55-year-old obese patient presents with dirty, velvety patches on the back of the neck.
Acanthosis nigricans. Check fasting blood sugar to rule out diabetes
Flat-topped papules.
Lichen planus
Iris-like target lesions.
Erythema multiforme
A 16-year-old presents with an annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs.
Alopecia areata (autoimmune process)
Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back. KOH prep has a “spaghetti-and-meatballs” appearance.
Pityriasis versicolor
Premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can → squamous cell carcinoma.
actinic keratosis
Associated with Propionibacterium acnes and changes in androgen levels.
Acne vulgaris
Inflammation and epithelial thinning of the anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women.
Lichen sclerosus
Exophytic nodules on the skin with varying degrees of scaling or ulceration; the second most common type of skin cancer.
SCCA
The most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
High TSH, low T4, antimicrosomal antibodies
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and ↓ TSH.
Graves’ disease
A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.
Hypoparathyroidism
A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; exam reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs reveals hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
1° hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.
Pheochromocytoma
A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)
Treatment of central DI.
Administration of DDAVP ↓ serum osmolality and free water restriction
A postoperative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status.
SIADH due to stress
An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis.
Metformin
A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Treatment?
1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with replacement glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
Tx DKA
Fluids, insulin, and aggressive replacement of electrolytes (e.g., K+)
Why are β-blockers contraindicated in diabetics?
They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
Cross-sectional survey—incidence or prevalence?
Prevalence
Cross-sectional survey—incidence or prevalence?
Incidence and prevalence
Case-control study—incidence or prevalence?
neither
Describe a test that consistently gives identical results, but the results are wrong.
High reliability, low validity
Difference between a cohort and a case-control study.
Cohort studies can be used to calculate relative risk (RR), incidence, and/or odds ratio (OR). Case-control studies can be used to calculate an OR
Number needed to treat?
1 ÷ (rate in untreated group − rate in treated group)
In which patients do you initiate colorectal cancer screening early?
Patients with IBD; those with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)/hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC); and those who have first-degree relatives with adenomatous polyps (< 60 years of age) or colorectal cancer
The most common cancer in men and the most common cause of death from cancer in men.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, but lung cancer causes more deaths
The percentage of cases within one SD of the mean? Two SDs? Three SDs?
68%, 95.5%, 99.7%
A 15-year-old pregnant girl requires hospitalization for preeclampsia. Should her parents be informed?
No. Parental consent is not necessary for the medical treatment of pregnant minors
A doctor refers a patient for an MRI at a facility he/she owns.
Conflict of interest
