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Step 2 > FA Rapid Review 1 > Flashcards

FA Rapid Review 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Negative Nikolsky’s Sign

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

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2
Q

Cradle Cap

A

Seborrheic Keratosis, Tx antifungals

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3
Q

Dewdrop on a rose petal

A

Lesions of primary varicella

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4
Q

Doughy skin

A

hypernatremia

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5
Q

stones, bones, psychiatric overtones

A

s/s hypercalcemia

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6
Q

stuck on appearance

A

seborrheic keratosis

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7
Q

A flutter finding on EKG

A

sawtooth P waves

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8
Q

Tx HTN in diabetic w/ proteinuria

A

ACEI

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9
Q

Drugs that slow AV nodal transmission

A

BB, CCBs, digoxin

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10
Q

post-MI fever, pericarditis, increased ESR

A

Dressler’s Syndrome

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11
Q

IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment?

A

Tricuspid regurg, Tx heart failure and valve replacement

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12
Q

Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

A

Echocardiogram (showing thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction)

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13
Q

A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration.

A

Pulsus paradoxus (seen in cardiac tamponade)

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14
Q

Classic ECG findings in pericarditis.

A

Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation

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15
Q

Definition of HTN

A

BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks apart

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16
Q

Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension.

A

Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism

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17
Q

Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit.

A

Abdominal ultrasound and CT

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18
Q

Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A

> 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured

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19
Q

Treatment for acute coronary syndrome.

A

Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, ASA, IV β-blockers, heparin

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20
Q

Appropriate diagnostic test? ■ A 65-year-old woman with left bundle branch block and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina.

A

Pharmacologic stress test (e.g., dobutamine echo)

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21
Q

Signs of active ischemia during stress testing.

A

Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG, or ↓ BP

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22
Q

A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are normal.

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

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23
Q

The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism.

A

V/Q scan

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24
Q

Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens.

A

Oral surgery—amoxicillin; GI or GU procedures—ampicillin and gentamicin before and amoxicillin after

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25
Q

The most common cause of hypertension in young men.

A

The most common cause of hypertension in young men.

26
Q

The most common type of skin cancer; the lesion is a pearly-colored papule with a translucent surface and telangiectasias.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

27
Q

A febrile patient with a history of diabetes presents with a red, swollen, painful lower extremity.

A

Cellulitis

28
Q

Positive Nikolsky’s Sign

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

29
Q

A 55-year-old obese patient presents with dirty, velvety patches on the back of the neck.

A

Acanthosis nigricans. Check fasting blood sugar to rule out diabetes

30
Q

Flat-topped papules.

A

Lichen planus

31
Q

Iris-like target lesions.

A

Erythema multiforme

32
Q

A 16-year-old presents with an annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs.

A

Alopecia areata (autoimmune process)

33
Q

Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back. KOH prep has a “spaghetti-and-meatballs” appearance.

A

Pityriasis versicolor

34
Q

Premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can → squamous cell carcinoma.

A

actinic keratosis

35
Q

Associated with Propionibacterium acnes and changes in androgen levels.

A

Acne vulgaris

36
Q

Inflammation and epithelial thinning of the anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women.

A

Lichen sclerosus

37
Q

Exophytic nodules on the skin with varying degrees of scaling or ulceration; the second most common type of skin cancer.

A

SCCA

38
Q

The most common cause of hypothyroidism.

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

39
Q

Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

A

High TSH, low T4, antimicrosomal antibodies

40
Q

Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and ↓ TSH.

A

Graves’ disease

41
Q

A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.

A

Hypoparathyroidism

42
Q

A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; exam reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs reveals hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.

A

1° hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)

43
Q

A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.

A

Pheochromocytoma

44
Q

A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.

A

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)

45
Q

Treatment of central DI.

A

Administration of DDAVP ↓ serum osmolality and free water restriction

46
Q

A postoperative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status.

A

SIADH due to stress

47
Q

An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis.

A

Metformin

48
Q

A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Treatment?

A

1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with replacement glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids

49
Q

Tx DKA

A

Fluids, insulin, and aggressive replacement of electrolytes (e.g., K+)

50
Q

Why are β-blockers contraindicated in diabetics?

A

They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

51
Q

Cross-sectional survey—incidence or prevalence?

A

Prevalence

52
Q

Cross-sectional survey—incidence or prevalence?

A

Incidence and prevalence

53
Q

Case-control study—incidence or prevalence?

A

neither

54
Q

Describe a test that consistently gives identical results, but the results are wrong.

A

High reliability, low validity

55
Q

Difference between a cohort and a case-control study.

A

Cohort studies can be used to calculate relative risk (RR), incidence, and/or odds ratio (OR). Case-control studies can be used to calculate an OR

56
Q

Number needed to treat?

A

1 ÷ (rate in untreated group − rate in treated group)

57
Q

In which patients do you initiate colorectal cancer screening early?

A

Patients with IBD; those with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)/hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC); and those who have first-degree relatives with adenomatous polyps (< 60 years of age) or colorectal cancer

58
Q

The most common cancer in men and the most common cause of death from cancer in men.

A

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, but lung cancer causes more deaths

59
Q

The percentage of cases within one SD of the mean? Two SDs? Three SDs?

A

68%, 95.5%, 99.7%

60
Q

A 15-year-old pregnant girl requires hospitalization for preeclampsia. Should her parents be informed?

A

No. Parental consent is not necessary for the medical treatment of pregnant minors

61
Q

A doctor refers a patient for an MRI at a facility he/she owns.

A

Conflict of interest

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