Set 1 Flashcards
Tx RLS
DA agonist (pramipexole, ropinerole) or Levadopa
DDx low calcium AND low phopshate (3)
Vit D deficiency, malabsorption, pancreatitis
3 causes HIV retinitis, differences
CMV= painLESS, no conjunctivitis or keratitis HSV/VZV= retinal necrosis, pain, keratitis/uveitis
skin AND organ lesions with hemorrhage in HIV patient? Dx, Tx?
Bacillary angiomatosis (Bartonella)
Dx careful bx
Tx oral erythromycin
Screening and Confirmation of acute cholycystitis
screening = US, labs confirm = ERCP/HIDA
Causes of Erythema Nodosum (6)
Infxn = strep, TB, histoplasmosis
systemic d/s= sarcoidosis, IBD, Behcet’s
Oral ulcers, genital ulcers AND uveitis
Behcet’s vasculitis (+ erythema nodosum and other SYSTEMIC sx)
atypical lymphocytes but NEGATIVE heterophile antibody test
CMV monoucleosis
Infertility, recurrent URI/sinusitis +/- situs inversus
Kartagener’s Syndrome (immotile cilia 2/2 dynein arm defect)
ABRUPT fever with AMS and + babinski? Dx, Tx?
HSV encephalitis (temporal lobes)
FIRST start IV acyclovir if high suspicion
THEN dx with CSF PCR (not cx)
Northeastern tick-borne disease with fever AND hemolytic anemia? Tx?
Babesiosis, Tx quinine
hemoptysis and normal CXR in young, non-smoker? MCC?
Acute bronchitis. MCC viral > bacterial
IF bacterial:
non-smokers = MYCOPLASMA
smokers = pneumococcus or H. influ
Anti-smooth muscle Ab’s
Mother F-ing AI Hepatitis
If COPD patient is hypercapnic after initiating tx for acute exacerbation, tx?
NIPPV if ~stable, otherwise intubate
Tx hyperkalemia
- Calcium gluconate (stabilizes membranes)
- Insulin AND glucose (drive K+ intracellularly)
- Na polysterene sulfonate (kayexalate)
Electrolyte disturbance caused by multiple blood transfusions
hypocalcemia (ionized) 2/2 binding with citrate
External validity
Generalizability (to other studies/populations)
Nausea, dizziness, HA, polycythemia
HIGH suspicion of CO poisoning
complication of cardiac catheterization? S/s?
cholesterol emboli (any organ, BLUE TOE syndrome, livedo reticularis*) labs = eosinophils, decreased complement levels
patient with acute exacerbation of COPD develops AMS or seizures? Tx?
hypercapnia / CO2 narcosis; can be induced by TOO MUCH O2 (decreases body endogenous response to hypoxia, decreased affinity of Hb for O2 in acute-on-chronic COPD).
Tx = O2 sat b/w 90-94%
malacia
softening of tissues
4 causes of osteomalacia
Vit D def, Ca2+ def, hypophosphatemia/hyperPTH, RTA
non-resolving pneumonia with hyponatremia and GI symptoms? Dx, Tx?
Legionella (+/- elevated LFTs)
Dx = urine antigen test + cx
Tx = fluoroquinolone or macrolide
fluoroquinolones
clindamycin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin
Macrolides
erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
doughy, sweaty hands, carpel tunnel syndrome, HTN, skin tags? Dx, Tx?
Acromegaly 2/2 elevated GH –> IGF-1
screening = IGF-1 (indirect GH measure)
Dx = GH after ORAL GLUCOSE LOAD + MRI
Tx= pituitary tumor removal +/- octreotide
abnormally enlarged uterus 3mo post-partum with lung sx / findings on CXR? Dx?
choriocarcinoma (either after normal or molar preg)
dx = quantitative BhCG and imaging?
1 RF for stroke
HTN»_space; smoking or DM
2 conditions associated with episcleritis
RA and IBD
anti-topoisomerase Ab’s
AKA anti-scl 70 = Scleroderma
post-gastrectomy complication? Tx?
dumping syndrome. Tx diet mod +/- octreotide
SE of primidone
acute intermittent porphyria (abd pain, neuro and psych sx)
check urine porphobilinogen
5 causes post-op fever / timeline
wind (atalectasis, pneumonia) 1-2d water (UTI) 3-5d wound (infxn) 4-7d walking (DVT/PE) 7-10d wonder drug >7d
transplant patient prophylaxis (4)
bactrim for PCP, toxo, UTI, pneumo
Flu, pneumococcus, hep B
Middle mediastinal mass DDx (6)
bronchogenic cyst, pericardial cyst, tracheal tumor, lymphoma, lymph node, aortic arch aneurysm
Early tx of influenza A vs B
infl A = rimantadine or amantadine
infl B = zanamivir, oseltamivir
Amylodisis manifestations of affected organs (5)
heart = restrictive cardiomyopathy / arrhythmias kidney = nephrotic syndrome GI = hepatomegaly, malabsorption/dysmotility musculoskeletal = pseudohypertrophy CNS = peripheral and/or autonomic neuropathy
Only Tx for ALS
Riluzole (Glutamate inhibitor) prolongs survival
Polyarthritis, tenosynovitis and rash
Gonoccocal septic arthritis
abdominal rose-spots, fever, HA and diarrhea
Typhoid fever –> can remain latent in gallbladder, “carrier state”
Broad, waxy casts in urine
chronic renal failure
antimitochondrial Ab
Primary biliary cirrhosis
galactorrhea and amenorrhea? how does it present in males? Tx?
Prolactinoma; hypogonadism in males.
Tx DA agonists (cabergoline > bromocriptine), +/- surgery +/- radiotherapy
Tx lead poisoning
low levels = retest to confirm
moderate levels = succimer
high levels = EDTA and succimer
VERY high levels = IM dimercaprol and IV EDTA
MCC HIV esophagitis? 2 ddx? Dx/Tx
MCC candida, tx fluconazole.
no resolution 3-5d, EGD + cytology to look for HSV (acyclovir) or CMV (ganciclovir)
Cushing syndrome vs disease
Syndrome = silly (adrenals/ectopic) Disease = dire (CNS ACTH pituitary adenoma)
Electrolytes in cushing SYNDROME, tx
hyperglycemia and natremia
hypokalemia
Tx = spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)
Hashimoto’s Ab’s and HLA type
anti-TPO»anti-thyroglobulin Ab
HLA-DR5
Fatty casts
Nephrotic syndrome
oral/facial abscesse w/ yellow drainge from sinus tracts (gram + bacteria)? Tx?
Actinomyces israelii
Tx penicillin 6-12wks
