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Set 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tx RLS

A

DA agonist (pramipexole, ropinerole) or Levadopa

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2
Q

DDx low calcium AND low phopshate (3)

A

Vit D deficiency, malabsorption, pancreatitis

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3
Q

3 causes HIV retinitis, differences

A 
CMV= painLESS, no conjunctivitis or keratitis
HSV/VZV= retinal necrosis, pain, keratitis/uveitis
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4
Q

skin AND organ lesions with hemorrhage in HIV patient? Dx, Tx?

A

Bacillary angiomatosis (Bartonella)
Dx careful bx
Tx oral erythromycin

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5
Q

Screening and Confirmation of acute cholycystitis

A 
screening = US, labs
confirm = ERCP/HIDA
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6
Q

Causes of Erythema Nodosum (6)

A

Infxn = strep, TB, histoplasmosis

systemic d/s= sarcoidosis, IBD, Behcet’s

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7
Q

Oral ulcers, genital ulcers AND uveitis

A

Behcet’s vasculitis (+ erythema nodosum and other SYSTEMIC sx)

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8
Q

atypical lymphocytes but NEGATIVE heterophile antibody test

A

CMV monoucleosis

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9
Q

Infertility, recurrent URI/sinusitis +/- situs inversus

A

Kartagener’s Syndrome (immotile cilia 2/2 dynein arm defect)

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10
Q

ABRUPT fever with AMS and + babinski? Dx, Tx?

A

HSV encephalitis (temporal lobes)
FIRST start IV acyclovir if high suspicion
THEN dx with CSF PCR (not cx)

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11
Q

Northeastern tick-borne disease with fever AND hemolytic anemia? Tx?

A

Babesiosis, Tx quinine

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12
Q

hemoptysis and normal CXR in young, non-smoker? MCC?

A

Acute bronchitis. MCC viral > bacterial
IF bacterial:
non-smokers = MYCOPLASMA
smokers = pneumococcus or H. influ

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13
Q

Anti-smooth muscle Ab’s

A

Mother F-ing AI Hepatitis

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14
Q

If COPD patient is hypercapnic after initiating tx for acute exacerbation, tx?

A

NIPPV if ~stable, otherwise intubate

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15
Q

Tx hyperkalemia

A
  1. Calcium gluconate (stabilizes membranes)
  2. Insulin AND glucose (drive K+ intracellularly)
  3. Na polysterene sulfonate (kayexalate)
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16
Q

Electrolyte disturbance caused by multiple blood transfusions

A

hypocalcemia (ionized) 2/2 binding with citrate

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17
Q

External validity

A

Generalizability (to other studies/populations)

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18
Q

Nausea, dizziness, HA, polycythemia

A

HIGH suspicion of CO poisoning

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19
Q

complication of cardiac catheterization? S/s?

A 
cholesterol emboli (any organ, BLUE TOE syndrome, livedo reticularis*)
labs = eosinophils, decreased complement levels
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20
Q

patient with acute exacerbation of COPD develops AMS or seizures? Tx?

A

hypercapnia / CO2 narcosis; can be induced by TOO MUCH O2 (decreases body endogenous response to hypoxia, decreased affinity of Hb for O2 in acute-on-chronic COPD).
Tx = O2 sat b/w 90-94%

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21
Q

malacia

A

softening of tissues

22
Q

4 causes of osteomalacia

A

Vit D def, Ca2+ def, hypophosphatemia/hyperPTH, RTA

23
Q

non-resolving pneumonia with hyponatremia and GI symptoms? Dx, Tx?

A

Legionella (+/- elevated LFTs)
Dx = urine antigen test + cx
Tx = fluoroquinolone or macrolide

24
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

clindamycin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin

25
Q

Macrolides

A

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

26
Q

doughy, sweaty hands, carpel tunnel syndrome, HTN, skin tags? Dx, Tx?

A

Acromegaly 2/2 elevated GH –> IGF-1
screening = IGF-1 (indirect GH measure)
Dx = GH after ORAL GLUCOSE LOAD + MRI
Tx= pituitary tumor removal +/- octreotide

27
Q

abnormally enlarged uterus 3mo post-partum with lung sx / findings on CXR? Dx?

A

choriocarcinoma (either after normal or molar preg)

dx = quantitative BhCG and imaging?

28
Q

1 RF for stroke

A

HTN&raquo_space; smoking or DM

29
Q

2 conditions associated with episcleritis

A

RA and IBD

30
Q

anti-topoisomerase Ab’s

A

AKA anti-scl 70 = Scleroderma

31
Q

post-gastrectomy complication? Tx?

A

dumping syndrome. Tx diet mod +/- octreotide

32
Q

SE of primidone

A

acute intermittent porphyria (abd pain, neuro and psych sx)

check urine porphobilinogen

33
Q

5 causes post-op fever / timeline

A 
wind (atalectasis, pneumonia) 1-2d
water (UTI) 3-5d
wound (infxn) 4-7d
walking (DVT/PE) 7-10d
wonder drug >7d
34
Q

transplant patient prophylaxis (4)

A

bactrim for PCP, toxo, UTI, pneumo

Flu, pneumococcus, hep B

35
Q

Middle mediastinal mass DDx (6)

A

bronchogenic cyst, pericardial cyst, tracheal tumor, lymphoma, lymph node, aortic arch aneurysm

36
Q

Early tx of influenza A vs B

A

infl A = rimantadine or amantadine

infl B = zanamivir, oseltamivir

37
Q

Amylodisis manifestations of affected organs (5)

A 
heart = restrictive cardiomyopathy / arrhythmias
kidney = nephrotic syndrome
GI = hepatomegaly, malabsorption/dysmotility
musculoskeletal = pseudohypertrophy
CNS = peripheral and/or autonomic neuropathy
38
Q

Only Tx for ALS

A

Riluzole (Glutamate inhibitor) prolongs survival

39
Q

Polyarthritis, tenosynovitis and rash

A

Gonoccocal septic arthritis

40
Q

abdominal rose-spots, fever, HA and diarrhea

A

Typhoid fever –> can remain latent in gallbladder, “carrier state”

41
Q

Broad, waxy casts in urine

A

chronic renal failure

42
Q

antimitochondrial Ab

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

43
Q

galactorrhea and amenorrhea? how does it present in males? Tx?

A

Prolactinoma; hypogonadism in males.

Tx DA agonists (cabergoline > bromocriptine), +/- surgery +/- radiotherapy

44
Q

Tx lead poisoning

A

low levels = retest to confirm
moderate levels = succimer
high levels = EDTA and succimer
VERY high levels = IM dimercaprol and IV EDTA

45
Q

MCC HIV esophagitis? 2 ddx? Dx/Tx

A

MCC candida, tx fluconazole.

no resolution 3-5d, EGD + cytology to look for HSV (acyclovir) or CMV (ganciclovir)

46
Q

Cushing syndrome vs disease

A 
Syndrome = silly (adrenals/ectopic)
Disease = dire (CNS ACTH pituitary adenoma)
47
Q

Electrolytes in cushing SYNDROME, tx

A

hyperglycemia and natremia
hypokalemia
Tx = spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

48
Q

Hashimoto’s Ab’s and HLA type

A

anti-TPO»anti-thyroglobulin Ab

HLA-DR5

49
Q

Fatty casts

A

Nephrotic syndrome

50
Q

oral/facial abscesse w/ yellow drainge from sinus tracts (gram + bacteria)? Tx?

A

Actinomyces israelii

Tx penicillin 6-12wks

Step 2 (20 decks)

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