Set 1.5 General and Oral Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Injury to this part of the brain may result to amnesia, behavioral abnormalities, psychosis and emotional problems.
a. Limbic system
b. Thalamus
c. Cerebellum
d. Medulla oblongata
a. Limbic system
When performing one-man E-C clamp technique during CPR, the index and
thumb will form a “C” to _ then the third, fourth and fifth finger will
form an “E” to _
a. Exert an upward pressure on the mask: apply pressure on the mandible and lift it
forward.
b. Exert a downward pressure on the mask: apply pressure on the mandible and lift
it forward.
c. Exert an upward pressure on the mask: apply pressure on the mandible and lift it
backward
d. Exert a downward pressure on the mask: apply pressure on the mandible and lift
it backward.
b. Exert a downward pressure on the mask: apply pressure on the mandible and lift
it forward.
Opening of the rima glottidis (of vocal cords) is done by which of the following
muscles?
a. Lateral cricoarytenoid
b. Posterior cricoarytenoid
c. Oblique arytenoid
d. Vocalis
b. Posterior cricoarytenoid
A mineral that is a very important constituent of thyroid hormones
a. Iron
b. Calcium
c. Iodine
d. Phosphorus
c. Iodine
When lowering the floor of the mouth of a patient, a practitioner detaches all
or part of which muscles?
a. Mylohyoid and geniohyoid
b. Geniohyoid and genioglossus
c. Mylohyoid and buccinator
d. Mylohyoid and genioglossus
d. Mylohyoid and genioglossus
A protein responsible for transporting iron in the body
a. Lipoproteins
b. Albumin
c. Transferrin
d. Prothrombin
c. Transferrin
This is the most common vessel involved in stroke
a. Coronary artery
b. Circle of Willis
c. Anterior communicating artery
d. Lenticulostriate artery
d. Lenticulostriate artery
The optic canal is found in which of the following structures of the sphenoid bone?
a. Hollow body
b. Greater wing
c. Lesser wing
d. Pterygoid process
c. Lesser wing
Dietary calcium is primarily absorbed from which of the following segments of the alimentary canal?
a. Oral cavity
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
c. Small intestine
Cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons to the duodenum are in the _
a. nucleus ambigus
b. submucosal and myenteric plexus
c. sacral spinal cord lateral gray column
d. thoracic spinal cord lateral gray column
e. dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
e. dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
The muscle of mastication which retracts and elevates the mandible
a. Temporalis
b. Internal pterygoid
c. Masseter
d. External pterygoid
a. Temporalis
Which is a terminal branch of the internal carotid artery?
a. Anterior cerebral artery
b. Middle cerebral artery
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
c. All of the above
Anatomically, the spleen is in close relation with the
a. Duodenum
b. Inferior surface of diaphragm
c. Right kidney
d. Ascending colon
e. Right lobe of liver
b. Inferior surface of diaphragm
3 fatty acids linked to glycerol is known as _
a. Triglycerides
b. Cholesterol
c. Phospholipids
d. Eicosanoids
a. Triglycerides
The buccopharyngeal membrane is composed of
a. Ectoderm and endoderm
b. Ectoderm and mesoderm
c. Mesoderm andendoderm
d. Ectoderm only
a. Ectoderm and endoderm
It is a tough, outermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord
a. Dura mater
b. Arachnoid mater
c. Pia mater
a. Dura mater
Which of the following substances is filtered but not reabsorbed by the kidney tubules?
a. Sodium chloride
b. Inulin
c. Para-aminohippurate (PAH)
d. Glucose
b. Inulin
At sea level, following a normal expiration, the alveolar pressure is _
a. Below 760mmHg
b. 760mmHg
c. Above 760mmHg
b. 760mmHg
What bone is NOT found on the floor of the orbit?
a. Palatine bone
b. Maxillary bone
c. Zygomatic bone
d. Ethmoid bone
d. Ethmoid bone
The low serum phosphate level in hyperparathyroidism is due to which of the following?
a. Decrease phosphate absorption in the GI tract
b. Increase tubular secretion of phosphate in the renal tubules
c. Increase formation of calcium phosphate deposits in bone
d. Increase phosphate absorption in the GI tract
b. Increase tubular secretion of phosphate in the renal tubules
All are applications of osmosis in cells and humans, except in
a. cells that remove water produced during cell respiration
b. kidney cells forming urine
c. large intestines cells that transport water to the blood stream
d. movement of glucose and amino acids across the cell membrane
d. movement of glucose and amino acids across the cell membrane
Which of the following does not supply the TMJ?
a. Inner maxillary artery
b. External carotid
c. Arteries of the pterygoid muscle
d. Facial artery
d. Facial artery
One of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery is the _
a. Maxillary artery
b. Facial artery
c. Superior thyroid artery
d. Lingual artery
a. Maxillary artery
Which of the following eruption sequences is most commonly found in the primary dentition?
a. Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first molar, second molar
b. Central incisor, lateral incisor, first molar, canine second molar
c. First molar, central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, second molar
d. First molar, central incisor, lateral incisor, second molar, canine
b. Central incisor, lateral incisor, first molar, canine second molar
When apatient opens his mouth, there is an audible click. Which of the following represents the most plausible explanation?
a. The joint capsule has thickened
b. The disk and condyle lack functional coordination
c. The articular eminence has flattened
d. The medial pterygoid muscle is in spasm
b. The disk and condyle lack functional coordination
This is the meeting point of muscles involved in the motion of the mouth
a. Angulus
b. Modiolus
c. Aponeurosis
d. Pterion
b. Modiolus
This is the muscle that pulls the superiorly and posteriorly
a. Genioglossus
b. Palatoglossus
c. Styloglossus
d. Hyoglossus
c. Styloglossus
Remnants of dental lamina and connective tissue contained in the gubernacular canal which are found in successional teeth.
a. Pulp tissue
b. Periodontal ligament
c. Gubernacular cord
d. Alveolar bone
c. Gubernacular cord
It is a gap that separates the condylar process from the coronoid process
a. Mandibular notch
b. Jugular notch
c. Mandibular fossa
d. None of the above
a. Mandibular notch
Liver and Gallbladder is found _
a. Left hypochondriac
b. Right hypochondriac
c. Right lumbar
d. Left lumbar
b. Right hypochondriac
Urinary bladder differs from gall bladder in that urinary bladder _
a. Is lined by transitional epithelium and gall bladder is lined by simple columnar
epithelium.
b. Has a mucosal layer and gall bladder has no mucosal layer
c. Can be stretched and gall bladder cannot be stretched
d. Contains smooth muscle cell and gall bladder contains no smooth muscle cells
a. Is lined by transitional epithelium and gall bladder is lined by simple columnar epithelium.
Which of the following nerves innervate the lacrimal gland?
a. CN V1
b. CN V2
c. CN V3
d. CN III
a. CN V1
Preload is equivalent to which of the following?
a. It is equivalent to the amount of blood leaving the heart after ventricular
contraction
b. It is equivalent to the rate of venous return
c. It is equivalent to the atrial end-diastolic volume
d. It is equivalent to the atrial blood pressure and atrial blood volume
b. It is equivalent to the rate of venous return
After filtration in the nephron tubules, the urea drains into which of the following structures?
a. Major calyx
b. Ureter
c. Minor calyx
d. Bladder
c. Minor calyx
From which pharyngeal pouches do the parathyroid glands develop?
a. First and second
b. Second and third
c. Third and fourth
d. Fourth and fifth
c. Third and fourth
Study of the masticatory system, including its physiology, functional disturbances and treatment
a. Gnathology
b. Deglutition
c. Masticatology
d. Orthodontics
a. Gnathology
A hole in a bony structure refers to a _
a. Concavity
b. Septum
c. Bony defect
d. Foramina
d. Foramina
It is an attachment site for the falx cerebri
a. Cribriform plate
b. Greater wing of sphenoid bone
c. Corpus callosum
d. Crista galli
d. Crista galli
The following are tissues being supplied by the facial artery, except one. Which is it?
a. Upper and lower lip
b. Nose
c. Eyelids
d. None of the above
e. All of the above
d. None of the above
A lesion of the facial nerve just after it exits the stylomastoid foramen will result to which of the following?
a. An ipsilateral loss of taste to the anterior tongue
b. A decrease in saliva production in the floor of the mouth
c. A sensory loss of tongue
d. An ipsilateral paralysis of the face
d. An ipsilateral paralysis of the face
The non-working condyle performs which of the following movements?
a. Straight and Forward
b. Downward, Forward and Lateral
c. Downward, Forward and Medial
d. Downward, Backward and Medial
c. Downward, Forward and Medial
They are considered as the least dense lipoproteins
a. Chylomicrons
b. VLDL
c. LDL
d. HDL
a. Chylomicrons
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to the left by the following, except one:
a. Decrease pH
b. Decrease CO2
c. Decrease temperature
d. Decrease hydrogen ion
a. Decrease pH
Ketone bodies are formed in which of the following organs of the body?
a. Pancreas
b. Kidney
c. Liver
d. Stomach
c. Liver
The entire surface of the oral mucosa is lined by _
a. Pseudostratified epithelium
b. Stratified squamous epithelium
c. Simple squamous epithelium
d. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
b. Stratified squamous epithelium
What are the stop codons?
a. AUG–UGA–UAA
b. GAU–GAU–UAA
c. UGA–UAA–UAG
d. UAA- UGA–UGA
c. UGA–UAA–UAG
The most important neurotransmitter for learning is _
a. Acetylcholine
b. Serotonin
c. Glutamate
d. Dopamine
c. Glutamate
Which of the following is derived from the unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes?
a. Histamine
b. Serotonin
c. Prostaglandins
d. Bradykinins
c. Prostaglandins
Amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle
a. Vital lung capacity
b. Inspiratory capacity
c. Residual volume
d. Tidal Volume
d. Tidal Volume
It is a technique used in emergency situations to open the airway of a patient whenever there is airway obstruction
a. Thyrotomy
b. Cricothyrotomy
c. Thoracotomy
d. Thyroidotomy
b. Cricothyrotomy
Lower lip, mandibular incisors, floor of the mouth, apex of tongue and chin drain in which of the following lymph nodes?
a. Submandibular
b. Submental
c. Sublingual
d. Submaxillary
b. Submental
An embryonic structure which serves as a precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
a. Oropharyngeal membrane
b. Stomatodeum
c. Frontal prominence
d. Ectoneural pouch
b. Stomatodeum
Muscle cells use which of the following to store energy?
a. NADH
b. FADH2
c. Creatinine Phosphate
d. Phosphoenolpyruvte
c. Creatinine Phosphate
Fan-shaped, dark features appearing in enamel which represent poorly calcified areas and which appear to originate at the DEJ and extend into the enamel for part of its thickness
a. Enamel tufts
b. Enamel spindle
c. Enamel lamellae
d. Perikymata
a. Enamel tufts
What best describes the anatomic position
a. A person standing semi supine, with feet flat on the floor, face forward, with
hands on the side, palms forward
b. A person standing upright, with feet flat on the floor, face forward, with hands not
on the side, palms forward.
c. A person standing upright, with feet flat on the floor, face sideward, with hands
on the side, palms forward
d. A person standing upright, with feet flat on the floor, face forward, with hands on
the side, palms forward
d. A person standing upright, with feet flat on the floor, face forward, with hands on
the side, palms forward
These are the muscle that make up the anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces.
a. Anterior (Tensor veli palatini) and Posterior (Levator veli palatini)
b. Anterior (superior pharyngus) and Posterior (inferior pharyngeus)
c. Anterior (palatopharyngeus) and Posterior (palatoglossus)
d. Anterior (palatoglossus) and Posterior (palatopharyngeus)
d. Anterior (palatoglossus) and Posterior (palatopharyngeus)
All are functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, except
a. Synthesis of cholesterol
b. Synthesis of phospholipids
c. Detoxification of drugs and poisons
d. Synthesis of proteins
d. Synthesis of proteins
Heterochromia causes which of the following?
a. Different color of lens
b. Different color of pupil
c. Different color of retina
d. Different color of the iris
d. Different color of the iris
This is a tubercle found in the anterior border of the TMJ that resists mandibular displacement
a. Mandibular fossa
b. Retrodiscal tissue
c. Condyle
d. Articular eminence
d. Articular eminence
Angular cheilitis and glossitis are associated with deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
a. Thiamine
b. Tocopherol
c. Riboflavin
d. Retinol
c. Riboflavin
It is the ratio of the red blood cells to the total blood volume
a. Hematocrit
b. Hematopoiesis
c. Heme
d. Hemiplegia
a. Hematocrit
Listed below are the possible causes of air embolism that may block the heart chamber. Which is usually not associated?
a. IV fluid administration
b. Dialysis line
c. IM injection
d. Cardiopulmonary bypass
c. IM injection
A type of hemoglobin found in patients with alpha-thalassemia
a. Hemoglobin H
b. Hemoglobin S
c. Hemoglobin M
d. Hemoglobin A
e. Hemoglobin F
a. Hemoglobin H
Which of the ff is the correct schematic outline with the corresponding tooth?
a. Mandibular premolars, rhomboidal– occlusal view
b. Maxillary central incisors, Triangular– facial view
c. Maxillary lateral incisors, Trapezoidal– mesial
d. All mandibular posterior teeth, rhomboidal– distal
d. All mandibular posterior teeth, rhomboidal– distal
Middle meningeal artery asses in which of the following foramen?
a. Foramen spinosum
b. Foramen ovale
c. Foramen lacerum
d. Foramen magnum
a. Foramen spinosum
Fontanelles of the fetal skull hardens through the process of:
a. Endochondral bone ossification
b. Intramembranous bone ossification
c. Ligament ankylosis
d. All of the above
b. Intramembranous bone ossification
A postmortem examination to discover the cause of death of a person refers
to _
a. Forensic science
b. Biopsy
c. Necrology
d. Autopsy
d. Autopsy
The tear drop erythrocytes are found in _
a. Aplastic anemia
b. Pernicious anemia
c. Monocytic anemia
d. Agranulocytosis
b. Pernicious anemia
It is a ditch or a concavity
a. Sulcus
b. Fissure
c. Foramen
d. Fossa
d. Fossa
Thin and thick myofilaments are observed in the masseter muscle in electron
microscope. The thick filaments _
a. Consist of actin
b. Are present in the I band
c. Are crossed by the Z line
d. Are present only in the A band
e. Consist of both actin and myosin
d. Are present only in the A band
The internal acoustic meatus contains which of the following structures?
a. Chorda tympani only
b. Inferior alveolar nerve and inferior alveolar artery
c. Facial nerve and Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. None of the above
c. Facial nerve and Vestibulocochlear nerve
Rods and cones of the retina are examples of:
a. Mechanoreceptors
b. Photoreceptors
c. Chemoreceptors
d. Thermoreceptors
b. Photoreceptors
Blood pressure decreases as blood moves through the systemic circulation. In which vessel does the blood pressure decrease the most as blood travels through the body?
a. Large arteries
b. Large veins
c. Arterioles
d. Venules
e. Capillaries
c. Arterioles
Mesial developmental depression is a characteristic feature of which premolar?
a. Maxillary 1st
b. Maxillary 2nd
c. Mandibular 2nd 2-cusp
d. Mandibular 2nd 3-cusp
a. Maxillary 1st
Hyperventilation results in all of the following EXCEPT
a. increased PO2
b. hypocapnia
c. decreased cerebral blood flow
d. increased PCO2
e. respiratory alkalosis
d. increased PCO2
In the general circulation, blood pressure is highest in Vena cava, and lowest in the Aorta.
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statements are false
c. The first statement is true; the second statement is false
d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true
b. Both statements are false
Nerve supply of temporomandibular joint
a. Facial nerve
b. Temporomandibular nerve
c. Mandibular nerve
d. Maxillary nerve
c. Mandibular nerve
Normal bleeding time
a. 2 to 4 minutes
b. 3 to 8 minutes
c. 2 to 4 seconds
d. 8 to 15 minutes
a. 2 to 4 minutes
Contraction of the cardiac myocytes in the ventricles will lead to all of the following, except one. Which is it?
a. Ejection of blood going to the pulmonary artery
b. Ejection of blood going to the aorta
c. Closure of the semilunar valves
d. Closure of the atrioventricular valves
c. Closure of the semilunar valves
The difference in electrical charge between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of an unstimulated (nonconducting) neuron is called the:
a. Relative refractory potential
b. Action potential
c. Resting membrane potential
d. Absolute refractory potential
c. Resting membrane potentia
The incisive foramen is anatomically located in which of the following bones?
a. Sphenoid
b. Palatine
c. Maxilla
d. Ethmoid
c. Maxilla
Absence of normal spleen formation refers to _
a. Splenomegaly
b. Splenectomy
c. Hypersplenism
d. Asplenia
d. Asplenia
A reflex normally seen in infants in which the big toe lifts and the other toes fan out after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked.
a. Babinski reflex
b. Fencing reflex
c. Moro reflex
d. Rooting reflex
a. Babinski reflex
The bifurcation of the trachea into the primary bronchi which is the carina is at the level of which of the following structures?
a. Costal cartilages
b. Between T4 and T5 vertebra
c. T1 and T2vertebra
d. 7th rib
b. Between T4 and T5 vertebra
The compression to breath when doing CPR for adults is:
a. 30:2
b. 15:2
c. 30:1
d. 15:1
a. 30:2
Which of the following is the function of the CNS?
a. Sends voluntary action directly to the muscles
b. Sends involuntary action directly to the organs
c. Autonomic function to organs
d. Processing sensory information
d. Processing sensory information
Ovulation occurs as a result of:
a. The progesterone-induced LH surge
b. The estrogen-induced FSH surge
c. The progesterone-induced FSH surge
d. The estrogen-induced LH surge
d. The estrogen-induced LH surge
The masticatory mucosa is lined by _
a. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
b. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
c. Keratinized simple squamous epithelium
d. Non-keratinized simple squamous epithelium
a. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The following are STOP CODONS except one. Which is it?
a. UAA
b. AUG
c. UGA
d. UAG
b. AUG
Tricuspid valve is located in between _
a. Right atrium and left atrium
b. Right atrium and right ventricle
c. Left atrium and left ventricle
d. Right ventricle and left ventricle
b. Right atrium and right ventricle
It is a term which refers to the body’s surface
a. Deep
b. Superficial
c. Peripheral
d. Internal
b. Superficial
This is the remnant of the ductus venosus
a. Ligamentum venosum
b. Ligamentum umbilicum
c. Ligamentum arteriosus
d. Ligamentum teres
a. Ligamentum venosum
Primary organ responsible for the acid-base balance in the body
a. Kidney
b. Heart
c. Liver
d. Spleen
a. Kidney
Ligament that completely surrounds the condyle
a. Temporomandibular ligament
b. Sphenomandibular ligament
c. Capsular ligament
d. Stylomandibular ligament
c. Capsular ligament
It is an eye condition associated with loss of elasticity of the lens due to ageing that results to inability to focus on objects near to the eye.
a. Astigmatism
b. Presbyopia
c. Myopia
d. Hyperopia
b. Presbyopia
Ventricular systole and the atrioventricular valves are closed in this phase of cardiac cycle
a. Isovolumetric relaxation
b. Isovolumetric contraction
c. Diastolic filling
d. Venous return
b. Isovolumetric contraction
Apical abscesses on certain teeth have a marked tendency to produce
cervical spread of infection which occurs most rapidly in abscess of _
a. Maxillary incisors
b. Mandibular second and third molars
c. Mandibular canines
d. Maxillary premolars
b. Mandibular second and third molars
Organ with most permeable capillaries
a. Brain
b. Liver
c. Kidney
d. Heart
b. Liver
Among the following age groups, who is the most susceptible to cancer?
a. Infants
b. Children
c. 60 years old and below
d. 60 years old and above
d. 60 years old and above
The following statements are false regarding osteoid. Which is a true statement?
a. It is a highly calcified structure
b. It is an uncalcified bone matrix
c. It is important for cartilage formation
d. It is similar to enamel matrix
b. It is an uncalcified bone matrix
