Set 1.4 (General and Oral Anatomy and Physiology ) Flashcards by Nathaneille Cunanan

Calcium that enters the cell during smooth
muscle excitation binds with which of the
following?
A. Calmodulin
B. Inactive myosin kinase
C. Myosin
D. Troponin

A. Calmodulin

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Which heart valve is best heard over the apex
of the heart?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Pulmonary valve
D. Aortic valve

B. Mitral valve

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The pancreas is enveloped at its head by the__.
A. First part of the duodenum
B. Second part of the duodenum
C. Third part of the duodenum
D. Fourth part of the duodenum
E. First part of the jejunum

A. First part of the duodenum

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A hydrostatic pressure is a major force that
influence fluid movement between capillaries
and interstitial fluid. an increase in this pushed
fluid into the system. The first statement is __.
A. incorrect and the second statement is
incorrect
B. incorrect and the second statement is
correct
C. correct and the second statement is
incorrect
D. correct and the second statement is
correct

D. correct and the second statement is
correct

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The enzyme required to replicate DNA is called:
A. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
B. RNA polymerase
C. DNA polymerase
D. glucose -6-phosphatase
E. none of them

C. DNA polymerase

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Which of the following types of cartilage has
the ability to calcify?
A. Fibrocartilage
B. Hyaline
C. Elastic
D. Elastic and hyaline
E. Hyaline and fibrocartilage

B. Hyaline

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Which structures are called adenoids when
enlarged?
A. Lingual tonsils
B. Palatine tonsils
C. Pharyngeal tonsils
D. Waldeyers ring

C. Pharyngeal tonsils

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Which of the following areas of the
mediastinum contains the vagus nerve?
A. Superior
B. Posterior
C. Anterior
D. Middle
E. None of the above

B. Posterior

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All of the following structures form the
boundary known as the femoral triangle EXCEPT
A. sartorius muscle.
B. inguinal ligament.
C. adductor longus muscle.
D. cremaster muscle.

D. cremaster muscle.

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During respiration, carbon dioxide and oxygen
exchanged at the junction of the blood and
alveolar spaces and the junction of blood and
tissue. The actual diffusion of the gases is
primarily controlled by the _____.
A. elasticity of blood capillaries
B. atmospheric pressure
C. differentials in partial pressure of
the gasses
D. bicarbonate content of the blood

C. differentials in partial pressure of
the gasses

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Which of the following portions of the lung
contain the lingula?
A. Middle lobe of right lung
B. Superior lobe of right lung
C. Superior lobe of left lung
D. Inferior lobe of left lung
E. Inferior lobe of right lung

C. Superior lobe of left lung

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All of the following vessels contribute to
Kisselbach plexus EXCEPT
A. lesser palatine artery.
B. sphenopalatine artery.
C. lateral nasal branches of facial artery.
D. superior labial artery.
E. anterior ethmoid arteries of internal
carotid artery.

A. lesser palatine artery.

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The macula densa is located in which portion
of the kidney?
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Bowman capsule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Proximal convoluted tubule
E. Collecting duct

A. Distal convoluted tubule

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Rivian ducts allow drainage from which of the
following glands?
A. Parotid
B. Sebaceous
C. Lacrimal
D. Sublingual
E. Mammary

D. Sublingual

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Each of the following is TRUE with regard to
the carotid sheath EXCEPT
A. the sternocleidomastoid muscle lies
medial to it in the cervical region.
B. it lies anterior to the scalene
musculature in the cervical region.
C. it lies anterior to the thyroid gland.
D. it contains the vagus nerve, jugular
vein, and common carotid artery.
E. it is associated with the carotid sinus
nerve, sympathetic nerves, and lymph
nodes.

C. it lies anterior to the thyroid gland.

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Sublingual gland is situated between
A. Genioglossus and mandible
B. Geniohyoid and genioglossus
C. Hyoglossus and genioglossus
D. Hyoglossus and styloglossus

C. Hyoglossus and genioglossus

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Which of the following structures are involved
in steroid synthesis and lipid/glycogen metabolism?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Lysosomes
C. Peroxisomes
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E. Mitochondria

A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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Which of the following characteristics are true
concerning veins?
A. Thin tunics media with few muscle
fibers
B. Thick tunics adventitia with little elastic
tissue
C. Larger lumen and thinner walls than
the arteries they accompany
D. Some contain valves and vase vasorum
E. All of the above are true

E. All of the above are true

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A-gamma fibers function in
A. touch sensation.
B. muscle spindle apparatus.
C. pressure sensation.
D. temperature sensation.
E. sharp pain sensation.

B. muscle spindle apparatus.

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Hilar lymph nodes are located
A. in the lateral thoracic cavity.
B. superior to the clavicle and surrounding
the carotid sheath.
C. along the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
D. at the root of the lungs.
E. at the posterior base of the skull.

D. at the root of the lungs.

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The hypoglossal nerve is the motor nerve to all
of the muscles of the tongue, EXCEPT _____
A. Superior longitudinal muscles
B. Palatoglossus
C. inferior longitudinal muscle
D. Genioglossus

B. Palatoglossus

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Long bones grow in length primarily by:
A. adding bone onto the ends of the
articular cartilage
B. mitosis of bone cells (osteocytes)
C. laying down of bone in the periosteum
D. replacement of epiphyseal plate
cartilage with bone
E. replacement of primitive connective
tissue.

D. replacement of epiphyseal plate
cartilage with bone

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Theoretically, in most human cells, one glucose
molecule produces enough usable chemical energy
to synthesize:
A. 30-32 ATP molecules
B. 32-34 ATP molecules
C. 36-38 ATP molecules
D. 44-48 ATP molecules

C. 36-38 ATP molecules

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In the neck, the esophagus is ____to the
trachea.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. lateral
D. medial
E. superior

B. posterior

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The trigeminal nerve provides sensory innervation for all of the following EXCEPT _____. A. Oral cavity B. Nasal cavity C. Paranasal sinuses D. Posterior third of the tongue

D. Posterior third of the tongue

The most prominent bony landmark on the posterior aspect of the neck is the: A. spinous process of the axis B. transverse process of the atlas C. transverse process of the 6th cervical vertera D. spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra E. hyoid bone

D. spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra

For the following statements concerning the lymphatic system are true, except: A. The main function is to collect and transport tissue fluids from the intercellular spaces in all the tissues of the body, back to the veins in the blood system B. Lymph is a transparent, usually slightly yellow, often opalescent liquid found in the lymphatic vessels C. It consists of the bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patches, lymph, and lymphatic vessels D. Just like the circulatory system, the lymphatic system has a central "heart like" organ to pump lymph throughout the lymph vessels E. The chief characteristic common to all lymphatic organs is the presence of lymphocytes

D. Just like the circulatory system, the lymphatic system has a central "heart like" organ to pump lymph throughout the lymph vessels

The ascending palatine artery is a branch of _____. A. Ascending pharyngeal artery B. Sphenopalatine theory C. Pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery D. First part of the facial artery

D. First part of the facial artery

an individual is suffering from hyperthyroidism and the decision is made to remove a lobe of the thyroid gland. which of the ff structures could be disrupted in this procedure? i. vagus nerve ii. parathyroid gland iii. muscles of the larynx iv. recurrent laryngeal nerve v. thyroid duct A. i, iii B. ii, iv C. i, v D. iii, v E. c. ii, v

B. ii, iv

The jaw-jerk reflex involves efferent signals from which of the following cranial nerves? A. V-1 B. V-3 C. VII D. V-2 E. IX

B. V-3

the auditory tube A. passes medially from the pinna to the tympanic membrane B. connects the middle ear cavity to the upper part of the pharynx C. is necessary to maintain air in the middle ear D. is the same thing as the cochlea E. both b and c

E. both b and c

All of the following are rotator cuff muscles except: A. Supraspinatous muscle B. Infraspinatous muscle C. Teres minor muscle D. Teres major muscle E. Subscapularis muscle

D. Teres major muscle

Which of the following bones is part of the superior wall (roof) of the orbit? A. Zygomatic. B. Lacrimal. C. Sphenoid. D. Maxilla. E. Ethmoid.

C. Sphenoid.

The latissimus dorsi muscle is supplied by the _____ nerve. A. Medial pectoral B. Cranial nerve XI C. Dorsal scapular D. Thoracodorsal

D. Thoracodorsal

The apex of a medullary pyramid in the kidney is called the _____. A. Cortex B. Medulla C. Renal papilla D. Major calyx E. Minor calyx

C. Renal papilla

The cricopharyngeus muscle of the esophagus __. A. Is a parasympathetic stimulator of peristalsis B. Is a sympathetic inhibitor of peristalsis C. Prevents swallowing pharyngeal end D. Prevents regurgitation of stomach contents at the abdominal end E. Controls the gag reflex

C. Prevents swallowing pharyngeal end

All of the following are true of maxillary artery, EXCEPT _____. A. It is one of the terminal ranches of ECA B. The branches of maxillary artery accompany the branches of maxillary nerve C. It passes deep between the two heads of lateral pterygoid D. It is the arterial supply for mandible

C. It passes deep between the two heads of lateral pterygoid

Which of the following cells in the body metabolize glucose only through anaerobic pathways? a. Muscle cells b. Red blood cells c. Hepatocytes d. Neural cells

b. Red blood cells

The hormone that is responsible for “let down reflex”. A. Epinephrine B. Acethylcoline C. Dopamine D. Oxytoxin

D. Oxytoxin

Which nerve would require local anaesthesia in order to carry out a pain-free biopsy of a lesion on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? A. Lingual, hypoglossal B. Lingual, chorda tympani C. Pharyngeal, lingual D. Glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal

B. Lingual, chorda tympani

Afferent sensation from the lower molar teeth is carried by _____. A. Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve B. Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve C. Long buccal nerve D. motor branch of the facial nerve

A. Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

All of the following vitamins have little to no risk of overdose EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? A. niacin B. biotin C. vitamin C D. vitamin K

D. vitamin K

All of the following muscles are responsible for elevating the mandible, EXCEPT A. Masseter B. Mylohyoid C. Temporalis D. Medial pterygoid

B. Mylohyoid

Reabsorption of glomerular filtrate would be most affected if modifications were made to the permeability of which section of the nephron? A. descending loop of henle B. distal convoluted tubule C. proximal convoluted tubule D. ascending loop of Henle

C. proximal convoluted tubule

What nerve supply has motor action? A. Auriculotemporal B. Mandibular C. Maxillary D. Facial

B. Mandibular

Cardiac function is the volume of blood pumped each minute, and is expressed by which equation? A. CO = SV – HR B. CO = SV + HR C. CO = SV x HR D. CO = SV / HR

C. CO = SV x HR

The ductus venosus present in the fetus becomes what in the newborn? A. Ligamentum arteriosum B. Ligamentum teres C. Fossa ovalis D. Ligamentum venosum

D. Ligamentum venosum

Most skull joints found between the flat bones of the skull are: A. Fibrous joints B. Cartilaginous joints C. Synovial joints

A. Fibrous joints

Which of the following is the primary source of plasma proteins? A. Kidneys B. Liver C. Plasma cells D. T cells

B. Liver

The entry of which of the following into the presynaptic terminal triggers the release of neurotransmitter? A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Chloride D. Calcium E. Acetylcholine

D. Calcium

Which is the only premolar with a longer mesial buccal cusp ridge than distal buccal cusp ridge? A. Maxillary 1st premolar B. Maxillary 2nd premolar C. Mandibular 1st premolar D. Mandibular 2nd premolar

A. Maxillary 1st premolar

On average, how much root structure must be formed before a tooth erupts? A. 0%-25% B. 25%-33% C. 33%-50% D. 50%-66% E. 66%-75%

D. 50%-66%

All of the following teeth typically have one root canal EXCEPT A. maxillary central incisor. B. maxillary lateral incisor. C. maxillary canine. D. mandibular canine. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.

Which portion of the maxillary 1st molar root typically has the greatest surface area? A. Root trunk B. MB root C. DB root D. Palatal root

A. Root trunk

All of the following are features of the permanent mandibular canine EXCEPT A. the mesial cusp ridge is shorter than distal cusp ridge. B. the mesial cusp ridge is almost horizontal. C. the mesial crown outline is in line with the root. D. the cusp tip is located labial to the mid root-axis line.

D. the cusp tip is located labial to the mid root-axis line.

Using the Universal Numbering System, which of the following represents the four permanent adult canines? A. 13, 23, 33, 43 B. 6, 11, 22, 27 C. C, H, R, M D. 6, 12, 22, 27 E. 53, 63, 73, 83

B. 6, 11, 22, 27

The profile of the buccal surface of the posterior tooth is ____. A. Biplanar B. Quadplanar C. Flat D. Triplanar

A. Biplanar

Maxillary incisor protrusion, anterior open bite, crowded laterals, and a high palatal vault are most likely caused by which of the following? A. Mouth breathing B. Thumb sucking C. Tongue thrusting D. Nocturnal bruxism

B. Thumb sucking

Which of the following is the 1st succedaneous tooth to erupt? A. Maxillary 1st molar B. Mandibular 1st molar C. Maxillary central incisor D. Mandibular central incisor E. None of the above

D. Mandibular central incisor

Which premolar has the most square occlusal table shape? A. Maxillary 1st premolar B. Maxillary 2nd premolar C. Mandibular 1st premolar D. Mandibular 2nd premolar

D. Mandibular 2nd premolar

Which of the following is a microdont? A. Geminated incisor B. Cusp of Carabelli C. Peg-shaped lateral D. Dens evaginatus E. Mulberry molar

C. Peg-shaped lateral

The roots of the primary molars are flaring in order to provide _____. A. trimming action during closure of the jaws B. the required room to build up the permanent successor C. anchorage for the duration of mastication D. Esthetic and to relieve during speech construction

B. the required room to build up the permanent successor

In which Angle classification would you typically find a deep overbite with proclined maxillary lateral incisors? A. Class I B. Class II, division I C. Class II, division II D. Class III, division I E. Class III, division II

C. Class II, division II

Calcification of the permanent dentition typically starts at what time? A. 4-6 months in utero B. 6-8 months in utero C. Birth D. 1-2 months postpartum E. 2-4 months postpartum

C. Birth

Which incisor exhibits the most variability? A. Maxillary central B. Maxillary lateral C. Mandibular central D. Mandibular lateral

B. Maxillary lateral

All of the following are true of primary canines EXCEPT A. when viewed from the facial, the crown shapes are pentagonal. B. they have cingula. C. the mesial cusp ridge of the maxillary canine is longer than the distal cusp ridge. D. the distal cusp ridge of the mandibular canine is longer than the mesial cusp ridge. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.

In an ideal occlusion, protrusive contacts can occur on which of the following surfaces? A. Maxillary distal inclines and mandibular mesial inclines B. Maxillary mesial inclines and mandibular distal inclines C. Maxillary distal inclines and mandibular distal inclines D. Maxillary mesial inclines and mandibular mesial inclines

A. Maxillary distal inclines and mandibular mesial inclines

What is the only cusped teeth which feature a functional lingual surface rather than a functional occlusal surface? A. Canines B. premolars C. Molars D. Centrls

A. Canines

How many point angles are found on tooth No.12? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

D. 4

All of the following cusp tips occlude in the central fossa of an opposing tooth during ideal intercuspation EXCEPT A. mesiobuccal of mandibular 1st molar. B. distobuccal of mandibular 1st molar. C. mesiolingual of maxillary 2nd molar. D. distobuccal of mandibular 2nd molar.

A. mesiobuccal of mandibular 1st molar.

Which of the following is CORRECT with respect to the roots of the maxillary permanent first molar? A. Palatal root is located closed to the mesial B. Palatal root may have a concave lingual surface C. Distobuccal root is flattened and concave D. Palatal root is flattened and concave on mesial and distal surfaces

C. Distobuccal root is flattened and concave

Which of the permanent incisors is MOST frequently markedly concave on the lingual surface? A. Maxillary lateral incisor B. Mandibular central incisors C. Mandibular lateral incisors D. Maxillary central incisors

A. Maxillary lateral incisor

Which posterior tooth is most symmetrical from an occlusal view? A. Maxillary 1st premolar B. Maxillary 2nd premolar C. Maxillary 1st molar D. Mandibular 1st premolar E. Mandibular 1st molar

B. Maxillary 2nd premolar

In an ideal occlusion, the _____ cusp of the mandibular _____ contacts the central fossa of the maxillary 1st molar. A. Buccal; 2nd premolar B. Mesiobuccal; 1st molar C. Distobuccal; 1st molar D. Distal; 1st molar E. Distobuccal; 2nd molar

C. Distobuccal; 1st molar

Which of the following teeth have a functional lingual surface? I. Maxillary incisors II. Maxillary canines III. Mandibular incisors IV. Mandibular canines A. I only B. I and IV C. III and IV D. I and II E. None of the above

D. I and II

A labial ridge can be found on which tooth type? A. Incisor B. Canine C. Premolar D. Molar

B. Canine

The mandible functions as what type of lever? A. Class I B. Class II C. Class III D. Class IV

C. Class III

At what age is a child expected to have 12 primary teeth and 12 permanent teeth? A. 61/2 years B. 71/2 years C. 81/2 years D. 101/2 years E. 121/2 years

C. 81/2 years

In its mature state, enamel is: A. 47% mineralized B. 68% mineralized C. 87% mineralized D. 96% mineralized

D. 96% mineralized

Which one of the following normally single rooted teeth is most likely to have a bifurcated root? A. Maxillary central incisor B. Maxillary lateral incisor C. Maxillary canine D. Mandibular canine E. Maxillary 1st premolar

C. Maxillary canine

Which tooth is likely to have root depressions on both the mesial and distal root surfaces? a. Maxillary central incisor b. Maxillary lateral incisor c. Maxillary 2nd premolar d. Mandibular 2nd premolar

c. Maxillary 2nd premolar

In an ideal occlusion, the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary 2nd molar opposes which of the following? a. The buccal groove of the mandibular 2nd molar b. The distobuccal groove of the mandibu lar 1st molar c. The mesiobuccal groove of the mandibu lar 2nd molar d. The buccal embrasure between the mandibular 1st and 2nd molars

a. The buccal groove of the mandibular 2nd molar

Which of the following is not TRUE of primary teeth compared to permanent teeth? a. They are generally whiter. b. Their crowns are more bulbous. c. Their CEJs are more constricted. d. Their root trunks are longer. e. Their pulp chambers are larger.

d. Their root trunks are longer.

All primary maxillary molars have three roots. All primary mandibular molars have two roots. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

a. Both statements are true.

The primary mandibular 2nd molar most closely resembles which permanent tooth? a. Mandibular 1st molar b. Mandibular 2nd molar c. Maxillary 1st molar d. Maxillary 2nd molar

a. Mandibular 1st molar

Which of the following are supporting cusps? A. Distobuccal cusp of maxillary 1st molars B. Lingual cusp of mandibular 2ndpremolars C. Mesiolingual cusp of maxillary 1st molars D. Distolingual cusp of mandibular 1st molars

C. Mesiolingual cusp of maxillary 1st molars

Which of these surfaces is a proximal surface? A. Facial B. Lingual C. Incisal D. Buccal E. Mesial

E. Mesial

A mandibular canine viewed from the mesial aspect may be differentiated from a maxillary canine in that A. its cusp tip will be lingual to a line bisecting the root. B. its cervical level labially and lingually is on a plane. C. its cingulum is more pronounced. D. there is greater taper of the root.

A. its cusp tip will be lingual to a line bisecting the root.

How many planes of movement can the mandible move in? A. one B. two C. three D. four

C. three

The premolar with the occlusal groove pattern that may simulate the letter "Y" is the A. maxillary first. B. mandibular first. C. maxillary second. D. mandibular second.

D. mandibular second.

If the pulp of a single-rooted tooth canal were triangular in cross section with the base of the triangle located facially and the apex lingually, with a longer mesial than distal side, the tooth most likely is a a. maxillary second premolar. b. maxillary central incisor. c. maxillary lateral incisor d. mandibular central incisor

b. maxillary central incisor.

Which of the following mesial root surfaces are unlikely to be thoroughly cleaned with the use of floss? a. Maxillary central incisor b. Mandibular first premolar c. Maxillary first premolar d. Mandibular first molar

c. Maxillary first premolar

The lingual fossa is normally deepest on which incisor? A. Maxillary central B. Maxillary lateral C. Mandibular central D. Mandibular lateral

B. Maxillary lateral

The permanent mandibular second molar differs from the permanent mandibular first molar in number of A. cusps. B. roots. C. lingual grooves. D. marginal ridges.

A. cusps.

In development of the human permanent dentition, the first teeth to begin calcification are the A. mandibular first molars. B. maxillary first premolars. C. maxillary central incisors. D. mandibular central incisors.

A. mandibular first molars.

The lingual lobe of an anterior teeth is referred to as the: a. lingual ridge b. mamelons c. cingulum d. tubercles e. lingual pit

c. cingulum

Which cusp of permanent maxillary molars becomes progressively smaller from first to second to third molars? A. Mesiofacial B. Distofacial C. Cusp of Carabelli D. Mesiolingual E. Distolingual

E. Distolingual

Anterior teeth whose cingulum are located off center to the distal. i. Maxillary centrals ii. Maxillary laterals iii. Maxillary canines iv. Mandibular centrals v. Mandibular laterals vi. Mandibular canines a. 1,2,4,5 b. 1,2,4,5,6 c. 1,3,4,5,6 d. 2,3,4 e. 1, 5, 6

e. 1, 5, 6

The surfaces of teeth that have a trapezoidal outline: i. Lingual of posterior teeth ii. Buccal of posterior teeth iii. Labial of anterior teeth iv. Proximal of posterior teeth a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. 3 only d. 1,2,4 E. 1 only

a. 1,2,3

This is a position assumed by the jaw when it is not engaged in any activity: A. initial contact B. centric occlusion C. physiologic rest position D. habitual occlusal position E. most protruded position

C. physiologic rest position