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General Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

A mutation affecting the development of the diancephalon could interfere with the secretion of which of the following hormones?
A. Adenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
B. Epinephrine
C. Oxytocin
D. Prolactin
E. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

C. Oxytocin

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2
Q

Left coronary artery arises from the
A. Ascending aorta
B. Arch of the aorta
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Left subclavian artery
E. Brachiocephalic artery

A

A. Ascending aorta

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3
Q

Overgrowth of the frontal bones, hands and feet has occured, as well as tingling in the first, second and third digits. There is also loss of strength of the thumb. which nerve most likely to be involved?
A. Anterior interosseous nerve
B. Median nerve
C. Musculocutaneous nerve
D. Radial nerve
E. Ulnar nerve

A

B. Median nerve

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4
Q

The bifurcation of the trachea lies at the level of whihc of the following structures
A. Sternal angle
B. Xiphisternal junction
C. Third thoracic vertebra
D. Second thoracis vertebra
E. Attachment of the fourth costal cartilage to the sternum

A

A. Strenal angle

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5
Q

An ulcer damages an artery supplying the area of the greater curvature of the stomach. Which artery is invoved?
A. Left gastric
B. Left gastroepiploic
C. Short gastric
D. Right gastroepiploic
E. Short gastric

A

D. Right gastroepiploic

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6
Q

A knife wound to the neck damages the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Which of the following muscles would most likely be paralyzed?
A. Deltoid
B. Flexor carpi ulnaris
C. Flexor digitorium superficialis
D. Flexor pollicis brevis
E. Pal,aris tongus

A

A. Deltoid

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7
Q

Which glandular area secretes hormones which are products of tyrosine metabolism?
A. Alpha cells of the pancreas
B. Beta cells of the pancreas
C. Adrenal cortex
D. Adrenal medulla
E. Testes

A

D. Adrenal medulla

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8
Q

Which of the following structures constitutes part of the ventricles of the heart?
A. Auricle
B. Crista terminalis
C. Fossa ovalis
D. Sinus venarum
E. Trabeculae carnae

A

E. Trabeculae carnae

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9
Q

Which of the following portions of the lung contain the lingula?
A. middle lobe of right lung
B. Superior lobe of right lung
C. Superior lobe of the left lung
D. Inferior lobe of left lung
E. Inferior lobe of right lung

A

C. Superior lobe of the left lung

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10
Q

Which of the following ligaments connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
A. Falciform
B. Gastrocolic
C. Hepatoduodenal
D. Gastroduodenal
E. Gastrohepatic

A

A. Falciform

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11
Q

The most inferior portion of the trachea, the carina divides into
A. Bronchioles
B. Segmental bronchi
C. Main stem bronchi
D. Alveoli
E. Lobar bronchi

A

C. Main stem bronchi

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12
Q

Each of the following carries deoxygenated blood except
A. Hepatic vein
B. Superior vena cava
C. Inferior vena cava
D. Pulmonary vein
E. Coronary sinus

A

D. Pulmonary vein

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13
Q

The cisterna chili drains lymph from each of the following except
A. Thoracic duct
B. Abdomen
C. Pelvis
D. Inguinal region
E. Lower extremities

A

A. Thoracic duct

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14
Q

Which of the following is located at the opening between the small and large intestines?
A. Cardiac sphincter
B. Pyloric sphincter
C. Ileocecal valve
D. Tricuspid valve

A

C. Ileocecal valve

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15
Q

In addition to the bronchus, which other major structures form the root of the lung?
A. The pulmonary artery and veins
B. The pulmonary artery and azygos vein
C. The bronchial arteries and veins
D. The bronchial arteries and veins, and the phrenic nerve

A

A. The pulmonary artery and veins

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16
Q

Which of the following describes the teniae coli of the digestive tract?
A. Fatty globules on the serosal surface of the colon
B. Lymphoid tissue of the cecum
C. Formed pouches within the colon
D. Villous-like projections involved with absorption
E. Smooth muscle bands of the colon

A

E. Smooth muscle bands of the colon

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17
Q

Occlusion of which of the following arteries would most directly cause ischemia in the lateral wall of the left ventricle
A. Left circumflex
B. Right coronary
C. Left anterior descending
D. Acute marginal
E. Posterior descending

A

A. Left circumflex

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18
Q

Which of the following areas of the mediastinum contains the vagus nerve?
A. Superior
B. Posterior
C. Anterior
D. Middle
E. None of the above

A

B. Posterior

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19
Q

Vessels supplying blood to the walls of large arteries are collectively known as
A. Arterioles
B. Capillaries
C. Vasa vasorum
D. Metarterioles
E. Glomus

A

C. Vasa vasorum

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20
Q

Each of the following structures is found in the posterior mediastinum except one. Which one is the exception?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Phrenic nerve
C. Thoracic duct
D. Greater splanchnic nerve
E. Sympathetic ganglia

A

B. Phrenic nerve

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21
Q

The crista terminalis is the line of junction between the primitive
A. Atria and ventricle
B. Left and right atria
C. Ventricle and the conus arteriosus
D. Sinus venosus and the right atrium
E. Truncus arteriosus and the left atrium

A

D. Sinus venosus and the right atrium

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22
Q

A branch of which of the following motor nerves supplies the sternohyoid muscle?
A. Phrenic
B. Spinal accessory
C. Ansa cecrvicalis
D. Transverse cervical
E. Cervical sympathetic trunk

A

C. Ansa cecrvicalis

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23
Q

Atherosclerotic occlusion of which of the following arteries would result in insufficient perfusion of the urinary bladder?
A. External iliac
B. Inferior epigastric
C. Internal iliac
D. Internal pudendal
E. Lateral sacral

A

C. Internal iliac

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24
Q

Which of the following empty into the right atrium?
A. Pulmonary and bronchial veins
B. Superior vena cava, coronary sinus and hemiazygous vein
C. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
D. Coronary sinus and pulmonary veins

A

C. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

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25
Q

Right subclavian and right common carotid arteries arise from the
A. Thoracic aorta
B. Ascending aorta
C. Arch of the aorta
D. Pulmonary artery
E. Brachiocephalic artery

A

E. Brachiocephalic artery

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26
Q

Eversion of valves of the atrioventricular orifices of the heart is prevented by papillary muscles and
A. The terminal crest
B. The ligamentum teres
C. The ligamentum venosum
D. Chordae tendinae cordis
E. Trabeculae carnae cordis

A

D. Chordae tendinae cordis

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27
Q

The artery most commonly involved in stroke is
A. Anterior cerebral
B. Posterior cerebral
C. Anterior communicating
D. Middle meningeal

A

D. Middle meningeal

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28
Q

The base of the heart is formed by the
A. Right ventricle
B. Left ventricle
C. Both ventricles
D. Atria

A

D. Atria

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29
Q

The maxillary sinus normally drains into the
A. Middle meatus
B. Inferior meatus
C. Inferior concha
D. Superior meatus

A

A. Middle meatus

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30
Q

All of the following structures are associated with the right atrium of the heart except
A. Pectinate muscles
B. Pulmonary veins
C. Crista terminalis
D. Valve of the inferior vena cava
E. Fossa ovalis

A

B. Pulmonary veins

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31
Q

Pulmonary circulation
A. Returns deoxygenated blood from the general body to the right atrium
B. Returns blood from capillaries of the abdominal parts to the liver
C. Returns blood to systemic circulation by means of hepatic vein
D. Transports oxygenated blood to the left atrium from the lungs
E. Collects blood from abdomen and transports it to liver

A

D. Transports oxygenated blood to the left atrium from the lungs

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32
Q

The major structures forming the root of the lung are:
A. Bronchus, phrenic nerve, bronchial arteries and veins
B. Bronchus, azygoa vein and pulmonary artery
C. Bronchus, bronchial arteries and veins
D. Bronchus, pulmonary artery and veins

A

D. Bronchus, pulmonary artery and veins

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33
Q

The bifurcation of the trachea lies at the level of whihc of the following structures
A. Sternal angle
B. Xiphisternal junction
C. Third thoracic vertebra
D. Second thoracis vertebra
E. Attachment of the fourth costal cartilage to the sternum

A

A. Sternal angle

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34
Q

All of the following are located in the nasopharynx except
A. Piriform recess
B. Eustachian canal
C. Pharyngeal tonsil
D. Pharyngeal recess

A

A. Piriform recess

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35
Q

Which of the following is located at the opening between the small and large intestines?
A. Cardiac sphinter
B. Pyloric sphincter
C. Ileocecal valve
D. Tricuspid valve

A

C. Ileocecal valve

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36
Q

hich of the following is found on the curve of duodednum?
A. Spleen
B. Cystic duct
C. Left kidney
D. Head of pancreas
E. Fundus of stomach

A

D. Head of pancreas

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37
Q

Which of the following is continuous with the esophagus?
A. Linguopharynx
B. Nasopharynx
C. Oropharynx
D. Esophagopharynx
E. Laryngopharynx

A

E. Laryngopharynx

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38
Q

Considering the number and location, the parathyroid glands are usually
A. Single and dorsal to the thyroid gland
B. Single and embedded in the dorsum of the thyroid gland
C. Multiple and embedded in the dorsum of the thyroid gland
D. Multiple and just superior to the thyroid gland
E. Not related to the thyroid gland

A

C. Multiple and embedded in the dorsum of the thyroid gland

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39
Q

The pineal gland produces
A. Estradiol
B. Melatonin
C. Thymosin
D. Renin
E. Glucagon

A

B. Melatonin

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40
Q

The triangular regions of the kidneys that are separated by the renal columns are the
A. Renal cortex
B. Calyces
C. Renal pelvis
D. Medullary pyramids
E. Renal medulla

A

E. Renal medulla

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41
Q

Syndesmosis means
A. Union of roots of teeth with walls of dental alveoli
B. Ligamentous union with skeletal parts relatively far apart
C. Thin layer of fibrous tissue uniting the opposed skeletal parts
D. Complete bony union

A

B. Ligamentous union with skeletal parts relatively far apart

42
Q

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to which of the following nerves?
A. Radial
B. Long thoracic
C. Thoracoacromial
D. Medial pectoral
E. Lateral pectoral

A

A. Radial

43
Q

In the human, a renal papilla projects directly into the
A. Ureter
B. Major calyx
C. Urethra
D. Minor calyx

A

D. Minor calyx

44
Q

The vagus nerve supplies parasympathetic fibers to which of the following?
A. Descending colon
B. Ascending colon
C. Sigmoid colon
D. Rectum
E. Anus

A

B. Ascending colon

45
Q

The roots of the bracial plexus are derived from the ventral rami of
A. The cervical plexus
B. The spinal accessory nerve
C. Spinal nerves C3-C5
D. Spinal nerves C3-C7
E. Spinal nerves C5-T1

A

E. Spinal nerves C5-T1

46
Q

In the adult, cerebrospinal fluid can be aspirated most safely by inserting the needle between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae because
A. There is more space between the laminae of these two vertebrae
B. The subarachnoid space does not extend below lumbar 2
C. The spinal cord usually does not extend below lumbar 2
D. There is danger of enetering the internal vertebral plexus at this level
E. There are no important nerves in this part of the vertebral canal

A

C. The spinal cord usually does not extend below lumbar 2

47
Q

Which of the following serves as the prime extensor of the forearm?
A. Biceps brachii
B. Triceps brachii
C. Brachioradialis
D. Latissimus dorsi

A

B. Triceps brachii

48
Q

How many lobes does the right lung usually have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

A

C. 3

49
Q

Which one is not a laryngeal cartilage?
A. Arytenoid
B. Cricoid
C. Cricothyroid
D. Thyroid
E. Corniculate

A

C. Cricothyroid

50
Q

All of the following statements about the bronchial tree are correct, except
A. The left primary bronchus is more vertical than the right
B. The tertiary bronchi have complete rings of cartilage
C. The tertiary bronchi supply separately bronchopulmonary segments
D. The secondary bronchi are all intrapulmonary

A

A. The left primary bronchus is more vertical than the right

51
Q

In the neck, the trachea in relation to the esophagus is
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Lateral
D. Medial
E. Superior

A

A. Anterior

52
Q

Describe the anatomic position
A. That of a human standing facing forward, feet pointing forward and palms facing outward
B. That of a human standing facing forward, feet pointing forward and palms facing inward
C. That of a human standing facing backward, feet pointing backwards and palms facing outward
E. That of a human standing facing backward, feet pointing backward anf palms facing inward

A

A. That of a human standing facing forward, feet pointing forward and palms facing outward

53
Q

A horizontal plane across the body in anatomic position
A. Transverse plane
B. Sagittal plane
C. Coronal plane
D. Frontal plane

A

A. Transverse plane

54
Q

Which of the following portions of the lung contain the lingula
A. Middle lobe of right lung
B. Superior lobe of right lung
C. Superior lobe of left lung
D. Inferior lobe of lrft lung
E. Inferior long of right lung

A

C. Superior lobe of left lung

55
Q

In describing the relationship of the thoracic and spinal cavities:
A. The thoracic cavity is superior to the spinal cavity
B. The thoracic cavity is inferior to the spinal cavity
C. The thoracic cavity is proximal to the spinal cavity
D. the thoracic cavity is medial to the spinal cavity
E. The thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity

A

E. The thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity

56
Q

Sebaceous glands are important for:
A. Production of keratin
B. Keeping skin and hair cells soft and flexible
C. Production of sweat
D. Body heat regulation
E. Production of vitamin D

A

B. Keeping skin and hair cells soft and flexible

57
Q

The hyoid bone is unique because:
A. It is the only bones of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
B. it has an unusual shape
C. It is coveredd with mucosa
D. It has no specific function
E. It largely consists of cartilage

A

A. It is the only bones of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

58
Q

Which of the following categories of bones is generally cube-shaped:
A. Compact bone
B. Irregular bone
C. Flat bone
D. Long bone
E. Short bone

A

E. Short bone

59
Q

A narrow, slitlike opening on a bone is a:
A. Facet
B. Fossa
C. Foramen
D. Fissure
E. Meatus

A

D. Fissure

60
Q

Insulin is produced by which cells of the pancreatic islets:
A. Alpha cells
B. Beta cells
C. Delta ceells
D. Gamma cells
E. Theta cells

A

B. Beta cells

61
Q

Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary hormone:
A. Prolactin
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
D. Antidiuretic hormone
E. Interstitial cecll-stimulating hormone

A

D. Antidiuretic hormone

62
Q

The tricuspid valve is located between the :
A. Right atrium anf left atrium
B. Right atrium and right ventricle
C. Right ventricle and left ventricle
D. Left atrium and left ventricle
E. Right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

A

B. Right atrium and right ventricle

63
Q

The triangular regions of the kidneys that are separated by the renal columns are the:
A. Renal cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. Medullary pyramids
D. Renal pelvis
E. Calyces

A

B. Renal medulla

64
Q

A muscle located on the dorsal side of the body is the :
A. Pectoralis major
B. Rectus femoris
C. Rectus abdominis
D. Trapezius
E. External intercostals

A

D. Trapezius

65
Q

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans):
A. Superior and caudal
B. Inferioir and cranial
C. Inferior and cephalad
D. Anterior and ventral
E. Anterior and dorsal

A

D. Anterior and ventral

66
Q

The male gonads are;
A. Testes
B. Sperm
C. Ovaries
D. Ovum
E. Gametes

A

A. Testes

67
Q

The superior rounded region of the uterus above the entrance of the uterine tubes is called the:
A. Body
B. Fundus
C. Cervix
D. Corpus
E. Mons pubis

A

B. Fundus

68
Q

Which of the following is the correct pathway of the arterial blood supply through the kidney:
A. Renal artery, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries
B. Arcuate arteries, renal artery, interlobar arteries, interlobular arteries
C. Interlobular arteries, arcuate arteries, renal artery
D. Interlobar arteries, interlobular arteries, acuate arteries, renal artery

A

A. Renal artery, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries

69
Q

Which of the following does NOT describe bladder:
A. Smooth
B. Collapsible
C. Muscular
D. Anterior to the pubis symphysis
E. Retroperitoneal

A

E. Retroperitoneal

70
Q

Which of the following terms describes the location of the kidneys:
A. Suprarenal
B. Retroperineal
C. Adrenal
D. Intraperitoneal
E. Retroperitoneal

A

E. Retroperitoneal

71
Q

The male duct system, in order from inside to outside is:
A. Epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra, ejaculatory duct
B. Ejaculatory duct, epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra
C. Ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D. Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

A

D. Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

72
Q

The triangular regions of the kidneys that are separated by the renal columns are the:
A. Renal cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. Medullary pyramids
D. Renal pelvis
E. Calyces

A

B. Renal medulla

73
Q

The middle part of the male urethra that extends from the prostate gland to the penis is the :
A. Prostatic urethra
B. Membranous urethra
C. Spongy urethra
D. Penile urethtra
E. Bulbourethra

A

B. Membranous urethra

74
Q

The lymph tissues found in the wall of the small intetine are caleed:
A. Tonsils
B. Appendix
C. Peyer’s patches
D. Thymus tissues
E. Intestinal nodes

A

C. Peyer’s patches

75
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of lymph nodeds:
A. They remove foreign material from lymph fluid
B. They have valves similar to those found in veins
C. They contain lymphocytes
D. They contain macrophages

A

B. They have valves similar to those found in veins

76
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains:
A. The right upper quadrant
B. The left upper quadrant
C. The right lower quadrant
D. The left lower quadrant
E. All four quadrants

A

A. The right upper quadrant

77
Q

Which of the following are NOT part of the respiratory zone structures:
A. Respiratory bronchioles
B. Alveolar ducts
C. Alveolar sacs
D. Alveoli
E. Primary bronchi

A

E. Primary bronchi

78
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of lymphoid organ:
A. Spleen
B. Thymus gland
C. Tonsils
D. Appendix
E. Peyer’s patches

A

D. Appendix

79
Q

The lymph organ that programs T cells and functions at peak levels during youth is the :
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Appendix
D. Tonsils
E. Peyer’s patches

A

A. Thymus

80
Q

Which of the following does NOT apply to the right primary bronchus:
A. It is wider that the left bronchus
B. It is shorter than the left bronchus
C. It is narrow than the left bronchus
D. It is straighter than the left bronchus

A

D. It is straighter than the left bronchus

81
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the lungs:
A. the narrower portion of each lung is called the apex
B. The bases rest on the diaphragm
C. The left lung has two lobes
D. The right lung has three lobes
E. Both lungs have two lobes

A

E. Both lungs have two lobes

82
Q

Which of the following blood vessels carries oxxygentaed blood:
A. Inferior vena cava
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Coronary sinus
D. Pulmonary artery
E. Superior vena cava

A

B. Pulmonary vein

83
Q

Which vessel receives blood during right ventricular systole:
A. Pulmonary veins
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Coronary arteries
D. Aorta
E. Superior vena cava

A

B. Pulmonary trunk

84
Q

In adults, blood cell formation occurs in all of the following, exxcept:
A. Proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur
B. Shaft of the femur
C. Flat bones of the pelvis
D. Flat bones of the skull
E. The epiphyseal plates

A

B. Shaft of the femur

85
Q

The tricuspid valve is located between the :
A. Right atrium and right ventricle
B. Right ventricle and left ventricle
C. Left atrium and left ventricle

A

A. Right atrium and right ventricle

86
Q

The inferior vena cava:
A. Drains blood from the common iliac veins and empties that blood into the left atrium
B. Draims blood from the brachial veina nd empties that blood into the subclavian vein
C. Drains blood from the common iliac veins and empties that blood into the right atrium

A

C. Drains blood from the common iliac veins and empties that blood into the right atrium

87
Q

Which of thef ollowing does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch
A. Thoracic aorta
B. Brachiocephalic artery
C. Left subclavian artery
D. Left common carotid artery
E. Pulmonary arteries

A

E. Pulmonary arteries

88
Q

Which of the following blood vessels is NOT part of the systemic circulation:
A. Aorta
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Coronary arteries
D. Carotid arteries
E. Pulmonary arteries

A

E. Pulmonary arteries

89
Q

Which of the following are direct branches of the left coronary artery:
A. Anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
B. Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
C. Circumflex and marginal arteries

A

A. Anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

90
Q

The brachial vein:
A. Drains blood from the axillary vein and e,pties that blood into the superior vena cava
B. Drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins and empties that blood into the axillary vein
C. Drains blood from the popliteal veina nd empties that blood into the external iliac vein

A

B. Drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins and empties that blood into the axillary vein

91
Q

The superior vena cava empties:
A. Oxygenated blood into left atrium
B. Deoxygenated blood into the right ventricle
C. Deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
D. Oxygenated blood into the left ventricle

A

C. Deoxygenated blood into the right atrium

92
Q

The most distal bone of the upper limbs
A. Clavicle
B. Phalenges
C. Radius
D. Carpal bones

A

. Phalenges

93
Q

Which of the following areas receives blood directly from the four pulmonary veins
A. Lungs
B. Left atrium
C. Left ventricle
D. Right atrium
E. Right ventricle

A

B. Left atrium

94
Q

The renal veins empty blood into:
A. Hepatic portal vein
B. Vertebral vein
C. Common iliac vein
D. Inferior vena cava
E. Kidneys

A

D. Inferior vena cava

95
Q

The dorsalis pedis artery is a direct branch of the:
A. External iliac artery
B. Anterior tibial artery
C. Femoral artery
D. Posterior tibial artery
E. Popliteal artey

A

B. Anterior tibial artery

96
Q

The atria of the heart:
A. Are located inferiorly and are receiving chambers of the heart
B. Are located superiorly and are the discharging chambers of the heart
C. Are located superiorly and are receiving chambers of the heart

A

C. Are located superiorly and are receiving chambers of the heart

97
Q

Blood leaving the subclavian artery flows directly into the:
A. Brachiocephalic artery
B. Aorta
C. External carotid atery
D. Axillary artery
E. External carotid artery

A

D. Axillary artery

98
Q

The mitral valve prevents blood from flowing from the:
A. Right ventricle to the right atrium
B. Right atrium to the left atrium
C. Left atrium to the right atrium
D. Left ventricle to the riht ventricle
E. Left ventricle to the left atrium

A

E. Left ventricle to the left atrium

99
Q

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta:
A. Carotid artery
B. Brachiocephalic artery
C. Celiac artery
D. Right subclavian artery
E. Coronary artery

A

E. Coronary artery

100
Q

The glenoid fossa of the scapula articulates with which structure of the humeus?
A. Surgical neck
B. Head
C. Anatomical neck
D. Acromion

A

B. Head

DLE (8 decks)

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