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Head & Neck > Session 8 > Flashcards

Session 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Where, in the brainstem, do CN 9-12 leave?

A

The Medulla

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2
Q

Where, in the brainstem, do CN 5-8 leave?

A

The Pons

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3
Q

Where, in the brainstem, do CN 2-3 leave?

A

The Midbrain

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4
Q

Where do CN 1 & 2 leave?

A

The brain

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5
Q

What artery supplies CN III?

A

Posterior communicating artery

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6
Q

How can CN III be damaged by its artery?

A

Aneurysm

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7
Q

What is the action of the Superior Oblique muscle of the eye?

A

Moves it down & out

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8
Q

Roughly, what is the course of CN III?

A

Leaves the oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain
Passes along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
Passes through the superior orbital fissure
Splits into branches

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9
Q

What effect does CN III have on the eye?

A

Innervates levator palpabrae superioris (Keeps upper eyelid up)
Constricts the pupil via parasympathetic fibres

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10
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibres that travel with CN III come from?

A

Edinger - Westphal nucleus

Hitch hike on the outside of the oculomotor nerve proer

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11
Q

What is the oculomotor nerve proper?

A

Nerve that comes from the oculomotor nucleus

Sympathetic innervation only

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12
Q

What is the sign of damage to the oculomotor nerve proper?

A

Eye ptosis
Eye faces down and out
Usually due to issues with the blood supply

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13
Q

What is the sign of damage to the parasympathetic fibres of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Pupil dilation

Usually due to an infection

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14
Q

What can cause a CN III palsy?

A

Tumour
Aneurysm
Infection
Issues with blood supply

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15
Q

What does CN III innervate?

A

Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique

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16
Q

What does CN IV innervate?

A

Superior oblique

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17
Q

What does CN VI innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

18
Q

What are the 3 separate roots of the Trigeminal nerve in the brainstem?

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

19
Q

Does the Trigeminal nerve have autonomic fibres?

A

No, but it carries some

20
Q

What ganglion does Vi come from?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

21
Q

Is Vi sensory, motor or both?

A

Sensory

22
Q

Where does Vi exit the cranium?

A

Foramen superior orbital fissure

23
Q

What are the 5 branches of Vi?

A 
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Lacrimal
Infratrochlear
External nasal
24
Q

Is Vii sensory, motor or both?

A

Sensory

25
Q

Where does Vii exit the cranium?

A

Foramen rotundum

26
Q

What are the 3 branches of Vii?

A

Infra orbital
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal

27
Q

Is Viii sensory, motor or both?

A

Sensory and motor

28
Q

Where does Viii exit the cranium?

A

Via the Foramen ovale

29
Q

What are the 3 branches of Viii?

A

Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Mental

30
Q

Where does Viii come from?

A

The pons in the brain

31
Q

Is the facial nerve sensory, motor or mixed?

A

Both

Also has parasympathetic nerve fibres

32
Q

What are the 2 roots of the facial nerve?

A

Lateral (nervus intermedius)

Medial

33
Q

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
34
Q

Where do taste fibres terminate?

A

In the nucleus solitaris of the medulla

35
Q

What is important to remember about the frontalis muscle?

A

Bilateral innervation from CN VII

36
Q

What are the extra cranial branches of the facial nerve?

A

Posterior auricular

5 branches when leaving the parotid gland

37
Q

What are the intracranial branches of the facial nerve?

A

Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to stapedius
Chords tympani

38
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

A facial nerve palsy that is idiopathic and lasts 6 weeks

39
Q

What is the difference between a Bell’s palsy and a facial nerve palsy?

A

A facial nerve palsy has a known cause and is permanent

40
Q

How can the facial nerve be damaged by the parotid gland?

A

Parotidectomy
Inflammation of the facial nerve as in a sheath
Tympandectomy
Forceps delivery of a baby can damage in the stylomastoid Foramen

41
Q

How can the forehead distinguish between a nerve palsy and a stroke?

A

In a lower motor neurone palsy (eg Bells) looses forehead movement
In strokes there is forehead sparing as it is an upper motor neurone lesion that doesn’t knock out the dual supply to the forehead

Head & Neck (9 decks)

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