Lymphatics

Question 1

How is lymph formed?

Answer 1

Interstitial fluid leaves and goes into lymph vessels, now called lymph

Question 2

Where does fluid go when there is an increase in hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 2

Lymph vessels

Question 3

What are primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 3

Generate lymphocytes

eg Thymus and bone marrow

Question 4

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 4

Maintain lymphocytes

eg Tonsils, adenoids, sleen and MALT

Question 5

What is Lymphoedema?

Answer 5

The lymphatic system doesn’t work proerly (may be due to blockage from tumours or lymphoma) causing oedema due to lymph

Question 6

What is the right drainage area?

Answer 6

The right arm
Right chest
Right head & neck

Question 7

What is the left drainage area?

Answer 7

Everything else not drained by the right drainage area

Question 8

Where are the main lymph aggregations?

Answer 8

Cervical
Pelvic
Groin
Axilla

Question 9

What is the thoracic duct?

Answer 9

The largest lymph drainage

Behind the abdominal aorta

Question 10

Where does all lymph eventually end up?

Answer 10

In the venous system

Question 11

How is lymph involved in fat absorption?

Answer 11

Fat is absorbed into the intestinal lymph system
Now called chyle
Travels into the venous system

Question 12

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

Answer 12

Short and drains into the right subclavian vein

Question 13

What are lymph nodes densely packed with?

Answer 13

WBCs

Question 14

What are the main parts of a lymph node?

Answer 14

Cortex
Paracortex
Germinal centre

Question 15

What occupies the Cortex of a lymph node?

Answer 15

B cells

Question 16

What occupies the Paracortex of a lymph node?

Answer 16

T cells

Question 17

What occupies the Germinal centre of a lymph node?

Answer 17

Maturation of B cells, this is why it swells in disease states

Question 18

How can lymph nodes become cancerous?

Answer 18

The metastatic cells travel in the lymphatic system and get trapped in the node.
They then proliferate
The node becomes cancerous

Question 19

What is lymphoma?

Answer 19

Cancer of lymphocytes/immune cells.

They tend to aggregate in the lymph nodes, making them swell

Question 20

What are some of the signs a lymph node may be cancerous?

Answer 20

Immobile
Swollen
Hard

Question 21

What does the Deep cervical nodes drain into?

Answer 21

Internal jugular vein
Spinal accessory vein
Transverse cervical vein (Supraclavicular)
*These then all drain into the thoracic duct (On the left) or the right lymphatic duct

Question 22

What can be enlarged in tonsilitis?

Answer 22

The jugular digrastic lymph node (Just below the mandible)

Question 23

What can be enlarged in oral cancer?

Answer 23

Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node (Lies above the omohyoid)

Question 24

What can cause the supraclavicular nodes to be enlarged?

Answer 24

Gastric cancer

Lung cancer

Question 25

How can you check for a Thyroglossal cyst?

Answer 25

Ask the patient to stick their tongue out (It will move up as still attached)
Would be a midline swelling

Question 26

What causes a Thyroglossal cyst?

Answer 26

Develops from cells remaining after the formation of the thyroid gland
Forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct