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Head & Neck > Session 7 > Flashcards

Session 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the nose?

A

Ala
Naris
Dorsum

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2
Q

What is the Vestibule?

A

The entrance of the nasal cavity, it has vibrissae which are course hairs

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3
Q

What are the two linings of the nose?

A

Below the limen nasi is skin

Superior to the limen nasi is mucosal lining (Continuous with areas draining into the cavity)

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4
Q

What is a complication of nasal fractures?

A

Septal haematoma

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5
Q

What can a nasal fracture lead to?

A

Deformity, but can be hard to notice initially due to oedema

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6
Q

What is the Choanae?

A

The opening at the posterior of the nasal cavity

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7
Q

What makes up the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Palatine bone of the maxilla

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8
Q

What makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Conchae (Prominent bony spurs)

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9
Q

What is the function of the Conchae?

A

Allow for heat exchange and humidity
Increased surface area
Increase turbulance of air flow which allows mixing

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10
Q

What makes up the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Smooth wall with the septum

Anteriorly has cartilage, ethmoid bone and vomer bone

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11
Q

What are the passages into the nasal cavity?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Superior, middle and inferior meatus

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12
Q

What are ethmoidal labyrinths?

A

A honeycomb like bone that has ethmoidal air cells and bulla

Has frontonasal ducts

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13
Q

What property of the cribiform plate aids its function?

A

It has many holes for the olfactory nerves

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14
Q

What is the Infundibulum?

A

A groove penetrating the ethmoidal labyrinth

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15
Q

What does the Foramen cecum contain?

A

It is a passageway that allows nasal veins through to the superior sagittal sinus

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16
Q

What does the Sphenopalatine foramen contain?

A

sphenopalatine artery, vein

posterior superior nasal nerves.

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17
Q

What are the arteries supplying the nose?

A 
Superior labial
Sphenopalatine
Greater palatine
Anterior ethmoidal
Posterior ethmoidal
*Many Anastomoses*
18
Q

What is the Superior labial artery a branch of?

A

The facial artery (From the External Carotid artery)

19
Q

What are the Sphenopalatine and Greater palatine arteries branches of?

A

The Maxillary artery (From the External Carotid artery)

20
Q

What are the Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal arteries branches of?

A

The Opthalmic artery (From the Internal Carotid artery)

21
Q

What is the venous drainage of the nose?

A

Cavernous sinus
Facial vein
Pterygoid plexus

22
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s plexus?

A

Aka Little’s area

Extensive long capillary loops just below the mucosal lining of the nose, between the limen nasae

23
Q

What 2 groups of people are more prone to Epistaxis?

A 
Young children (2-10)
Elderly
24
Q

What is Epistaxis?

A

Bleeding from the nose

25
Q

What are the 2 main causes for Epistaxis?

A 
Local causes (Mainly in children)
Systemic causes such as coagulation issues
26
Q

Where can the bleed causing an Epistaxis occur?

A

Anteriorly at the Keisselbach’s plexus (In 90% of cases)

Posteriorly at the sphenopalatine artery (In the sphenopalatine foramen, worse pathology)

27
Q

What is Nasal septum deviation?

A

There is narrowing/obstruction on one side of the nares due to the septum not being placed equally in the middle.
Can be congenital or aquired

28
Q

What is the Saddle nose deformity?

A

There is necrosis of the Nasal septum due to injury

29
Q

What is the general innervation to the septum and lateral wall of the nose?

A 
Opthalmic nerve (CN V1)
Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
30
Q

What is the special sensory innervation to the nose?

A

The olfactory nerve

31
Q

What is the olfactory region?

A

Olfactory cells with olfactory receptors.

The turbinates ensure odor spreads across the olfactory cells

32
Q

Where does the Maxillary sinus drain into?

A

The middle meatus

33
Q

Where does the Frontal sinus drain into?

A

Middle meatus via the frontonasal duct (A bony tube passing through the ethmoid bone)

34
Q

What innervates the external nose?

A 
Infraorbital nerve (CN V2)
External nasal nerve (CN V1)
35
Q

Where does the Sphenoid sinus drain into?

A

Directly into the nasal cavity

36
Q

Where do the Ethmoidal air cells drain into?

A

Anterior cells - Middle meatus via the infundibulum
Middle cells (Bulla) - Directly into Middle meatus
Posterior cells - Superior meatus

37
Q

What is Rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa causing swelling and an increase in the volume of secretions

38
Q

What are some of the causes of Rhinitis?

A

Infection (Viral, or secondary bacterial to viral)
Allergic
Nasal polyps

39
Q

What is a Nasal polyp?

A

A sac like structure with many eosinophils

Swollen with lots of oedema

40
Q

Where do Nasal polyps usually grow?

A

Close to the ostiomeatal complex of the nasopharynx (Posteriorly)

41
Q

What can Nasal polyps cause?

A

Nasal obstruction leading to snoring or obstructive sleep apnoea

42
Q

What is Sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the sinuses

Can cause thickening of the mucosal lining leading to obstruction

Head & Neck (9 decks)

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