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Head & Neck > Session 1 > Flashcards

Session 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Mastoid process?

A

A bony landmark near the superior aspect of the Mandible (Behind the ear). It is an attachment point for muscles.

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2
Q

How many heads does the Sternocleoidomastoid have?

A

One superiorly which attaches to the Mastoid process

Two inferiorly - one attaches to the medial third of the clavicle, the other to the sternum

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the Sternocleoidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve

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4
Q

Where on the clavicle does the Trapezius attach?

A

The later third

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5
Q

What are the 2 main triangles in the neck?

A

Anterior

Posterior

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6
Q

What are the borders of the Posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior - Posterior border of Sternocleoidomastoid
Posterior - Anterior border of Trapezius
Base - Middle third of clavicle

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7
Q

What is the contents of the Posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (Vulnerable during lymph node biopsy)
External Jugular vein (JVP)
Subclavian artery

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8
Q

How is the Anterior triangle of the neck separated?

A

By an imaginary line down the middle of the triangle from the middle of the mandible

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9
Q

What are the borders of the Anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior - Lower border of the body of the mandible
Inferior - Manubrium of the sternum
Posterior - Anterior of Sternocleidomastoid
Anterior - Midline of neck

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10
Q

What are the 4 triangles of the Anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Submandibular
Submental
Carotid
Muscular

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11
Q

What is the contents of the Submandibular triangle of the neck?

A

Myohyloid muscle
Hypoglossal nerve
Facial artery

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12
Q

What is the contents of the Submental triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior jugular veins

Lymph nodes

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13
Q

What is the contents of the Carotid triangle of the neck?

A

Carotid sheath

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14
Q

What is the contents of the Carotid sheath?

A

Common Carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes

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15
Q

What is the contents of the Muscular triangle of the neck?

A 
Infrahyoid muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Thyroid gland
Trachea
Oesophagus
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16
Q

What is the function of Anatomical planes/compartments?

A

Determine the spread of infection
Allow ease of movement
Natural planes (Can be used to incisions)
Compartmentalise

17
Q

What are the layers of the neck?

A 
Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Platysma muscle (Anterior only)
Deep cervical fascia (Double layer around the SCM & Trapezius)
SCM & Trapezius
Pretracheal layer of fascia
18
Q

What does the Pretracheal layer of fascia contain?

A

Trachea
Oesophagus
Thyroid

19
Q

What is the clinical importance of the Retropharyngeal space?

A

It is a potential space that runs from the skull base to the diaphragm. This means that any infections that enter it can spread to the diaphragm and mediastinum

20
Q

What is the Parapharyngeal space?

A

Lateral to the pharynx and runs to T2/3

21
Q

What is the Hyoid bone?

A

A free floating bone that holds muscles for the larynx

22
Q

What are the 2 groups of muscles attached to the Hyoid bone?

A

Suprahyoid

Infrahyoid

23
Q

What are the Suprahyoid muscles?

A

Digastric (2 heads)
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid

24
Q

What is the main action of the Suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevate the hyoid and larynx during swallowing

25
Q

What are the Infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid
Sterothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid (2 heads)

26
Q

What is the main action of the Infrahyoid muscles?

A

Depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing

27
Q

What does the Internal carotid artery supply?

A

The brain

No branches

28
Q

What does the External carotid artery supply?

A

5 branches that supply the head and neck

29
Q

What does the cranial nerve VII innervate?

A

Muscles involved in facial expression

30
Q

What does the cranial nerve V innervate?

A

Muscles of Mastication

Head & Neck (9 decks)

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