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Anatomy And Physiology > Session 6 Endocrine system > Flashcards

Session 6 Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine glands

A

produce and secrete hormones into the blood

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2
Q

glands found in cranium

A

pineal gand
hypothalamus
pituitary

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3
Q

pineal glands

A

secretes melatonin

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4
Q

hypothalamus

A

produce ADH and Oxytocin but secrete in pineal gland

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5
Q

pituitary gland in cranium also known as

A

master gland

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6
Q

non-steroid hormones

A

water soluble
made up of proteins and protein like substances
cannot go right through because cell membrane is made of lipids it needs a second messenger eCAMP
overall effect protein synthesis

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7
Q

steroid hormones

A

lipid soluble
can go right through cell membrane

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8
Q

receptors of non- steroid hormones

A

on the surface of cell membrane

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9
Q

receptors of steroid hormones

A

in nucleus

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10
Q

PROSTAGLANDINS

A

tissue hormones
not secreted in blood

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11
Q

Thymus

A

behind sternum
secrete hormone thymosin
belongs to more than one system i.e lymphatic system
mature T cells
development cells of immunity

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12
Q

thyroid

A

anterior cervical area
difficult to palpitate unless there is something wrong
inside thyroid (3 parathyroid glands)

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13
Q

parathyroid glands

A

triiodothyronine T3
Thyroxine T4
Calcitonin

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14
Q

T3

A

secrete from TSH
potent stronger

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15
Q

T4 thyroxine

A

abundant
not strong

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16
Q

which thyroid hormone regulate metabolic rate of the entire body

A

t3 and t4

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17
Q

calcitonin (tone it down)

A

only be secrets in response to blood calcium level
decrease blood calcium level
inhibits osteoclasts stimulate osteoblasts

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18
Q

which hormone increases calcium level in blood

A

parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclast

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19
Q

adrenal glands

A

adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

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20
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer and upper part
mineralocorticoids
middle Glucocorticoids
inner (sex hormones) secrete Androgens.

21
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inside cortex
epinephrine (adrenaline)
norepinephrine

22
Q

pancreatic islets

A

microscopic
alpha cells (glucagon) inc blood sugar
beta cells (insulin) dec blood sugar

23
Q

female sex glands

A

ovarian follicles produce estrogen
corpus luteum (another part of ovary) mostly produce progesterone but mostly estrogen

24
Q

male sex glands

25
posterior pituitary gland
secretes ADH and Oxytocin (uterine contraction and milk let down
26
exocrine glands
secrete into ducts on the surface or cavity e.g. mucucs, tear, saliva
27
mineralocorticoids
causes kidneys to reabsorb more sodium) aldosterone target cells kidneys
28
Glucocorticoids
secrete CORTISOL(natural steroid) release in response to stress level hamper immune system (anti-immunity effect) enhance sympathetic nervous system
29
epinephrine (adrenaline)
released in response to stress, advance life support enhance sympathetic nervous system
30
posterior pituitary gland also called
neurohypophysis
31
posterior pituitary releases hormones
ADH oxytocin
32
ADH
antidiuretic hormone cause kidney to reabsorb more water target cells kidney less urine production
33
oxytocin
aids in breastfeeding strong uterine contraction made by hypothalamus but secrete by neurohypophysis
34
anterior pituitary gland called
adenohypophysis
35
anterior pituitary gland secrete
FSH, GH, ACTH, TSH, LH, PRL
36
GH hormone stimulates
anabolism
37
Gonadotropic hormones
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (ovulating hormone)
38
PRL (prolactin)
stimulate milk production in breast
39
Tropic hormones
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
40
testosterone
come from interstitial cells of testes produce at puberty promotes development and mature (stimulates anabolism) masculizing hormone
41
FSH stimulates
primary ovarian follicle to develop in females and stimulate spermatogenesis in males
42
Ovary
Estrogen(promotes development and maintain female sexual characteristics) and progesterone (promotes condition required for pregnancy)
43
insulin
decrease blood sugar cause sugar to go inside the cells and store there in the form of glycogen. beta cells produce and secrete insulin
44
glucagon
increase blood sugar take sugar from storage form secrete into blood alpha cells produce and secrete glucagon
45
polydepsia
excessive amount of thirst
46
placenta (only in pregnancy)
estrogen, progesterone, bhcg
47
poyphagia
cause an inc in appetite
48
ANH
atria of heart increase amt. of urine production atria overstretching ANH produce less stretching stop producing
49

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