Session 5 NERVOUS SYSTEM & SENSES

Question 1

neuron parts and direction of impulses

Answer 1

dendrites
cell body
axon

Question 2

axon contain

Answer 2

Schwann cells(part of PNS) which forms myelin, myelin causes impulse to travel faster and stronger

Question 3

outside layer of Schwann cells

Answer 3

neurilemma

Question 4

types of neurons

Answer 4

sensory
interneuron
motor

Question 5

sensory / afferent neuron

Answer 5

sending nerve impulses from spinal cord to brain
part of PNS

Question 6

motor/efferent neuron

Answer 6

sending nerve impulses from brain to spinal cord
part of PNS

Question 7

oligodendrocytes

Answer 7

produces myelin in CNS

Question 8

part of neuron that carry impulses to the neuron cell body

Answer 8

dendrites

Question 9

interneuron connects

Answer 9

sensory to efferent neurons

Question 10

two types of cells in the nervous system

Answer 10

conducting cells (that carry nerve impulses) and cells supporting conducting cells (glia cells)

Question 11

no myelin

Answer 11

move slower
gray matter

Question 12

central glia (neuroglia)

Answer 12

supporting cells of brain and spinal cord
Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes

Question 13

astrocytes

Answer 13

very selective cells for what can get through
surrounding capillaries of CNS
BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

Question 14

peripheral glia

Answer 14

supporting cells for PNS

Question 14

layers of nerve

Answer 14

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

Question 14

epineurium

Answer 14

outside layer

Question 15

perineurium

Answer 15

surrounding fascicles (bundle of axons)

Question 16

endoneurium

Answer 16

surrounding each axon

Question 17

primary reflex center
carry impulses from sensory to brain

Answer 17

Spinal cord

Question 18

reflex arc

Answer 18

only in one direction
direct pathway from sensory to motor
stretch receptors -> sensory/afferent neurons -> motor/efferent -> effector cells
interneuron (within CNS)

Question 19

connections between/w neurons

Answer 19

synapse

Question 20

connections between neuron and muscle fibres

Answer 20

neuromuscular junction

Question 21

effector cells

Answer 21

performs a specific function in response to stimuli

Question 22

mechanisms of nerve impulse

Answer 22

polarized
depolarization
repolarization

Question 23

polarized

Answer 23

resting impulse

Question 24

depolarize

Answer 24

nerve impulse kicks in

Question 25

repolarize

Answer 25

returning to its resting stage

Question 25

neurotransmitters

Answer 25

chemical messenger for neuron communication separated with synaptic cleft vesicles contains neurotransmitter molecules

Question 26

brainstem

Answer 26

medulla oblongata (vital centres) pons midbrain

Question 27

cerebellum

Answer 27

smooth coordinated movements maintain posture equibilirium corpus callous = communication b/w left and right cerebral hemispheres)

Question 27

diencephalon

Answer 27

hypothalamus (sleep, appetite, emotions, body temp, ADH hormone production) thalamus (sensation with emotions when dean wife cooks he thinks of his grandmother because of emotional connection) pineal gland (secretes melatonin)

Question 28

cerebrum

Answer 28

largest part of brain

Question 29

meninges layers

Answer 29

duramater (outside) arachnoid mater (middle) messy web where CSF will go. CSF produced y choroid plexus constantly flowing to spinal cord where it absorbs and recycle piamater (outside)

Question 30

cranial nerves

Answer 30

12 pairs 24 cranial nerves 12 on each side

Question 30

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 30

cranial nerves spinal nerves ANS (autonomic nervous system)

Question 31

ANS

Answer 31

Sympathetic parasympathetic

Question 32

sympathetic

Answer 32

deals with body responses during stressful events imagine bear and your response

Question 33

parasympathetic

Answer 33

non-stressful relaxed imagine dean talking

Question 34

general senses

Answer 34

most abundant on skin pain, touch, temp, pressure, proprioception (body position sense lifting elbow)

Question 35

special senses

Answer 35

smell, taste, hearing, vision, equilibrium

Question 36

types of receptors

Answer 36

photo = light vision chemo = taste or smell pain = physical injury mechanical = position or shape thermo = changes in temp.

Question 37

encapsulated nerve endings

Answer 37

tactile corpuscle (fine touch) lamellar corpuscle (deep pressure and high frequency vibration)

Question 38

receptors

Answer 38

change physical stimulus to nerve impulses

Question 39

special sense organs specific receptors

Answer 39

eye ear nose taste buds

Question 40

eye

Answer 40

rods(dim light) and cons(bright light)

Question 41

nose

Answer 41

olfactory smell

Question 41

ear

Answer 41

organ of corti (for hearing) cristae ampullars (for balance) maculae

Question 42

taste buds

Answer 42

gustatory

Question 43

pathway of light

Answer 43

CORNEA (transparent part) anterior chamber (aqueous humor= fluid) IRIS (middle of pupil(regulates how much light goes in)) LENS (focuses the light) posterior chamber (vitreous humorous = jelly like substance) RETINA

Question 44

layers in eyeball

Answer 44

fibrous (outer = sclera and cornea) vascular (choroid) inner (retina)

Question 45

most amt. of rods and cons found in

Answer 45

fovea and macula (area of clear vision where optic nerves enter becomes retina)

Question 46

optic disc

Answer 46

blind spot no rods and cons but nerves enter blood vessels

Question 46

external ear

Answer 46

vibrating air auricle -> external acoustic canal -> tympanic membrane

Question 46

middle ear

Answer 46

vibrating bone ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) smallest bone of the body

Question 47

inner ear

Answer 47

vibration turn into nerve impulses cochlea

Question 48

auditory tube

Answer 48

equilizes pressure

Question 49

receptor for hearing

Answer 49

organ of corti cochlea (fluid filled)

Question 50

when there is an impulse what happens to charge inside

Answer 50

become more positive

Question 51

olfactory cells are located in the upper part of

Answer 51

nasal cavity

Question 52

nasal septum

Answer 52

divides nasal cavity into two separate airways (external nares = nostrils)