Session 3 CELLS AND TISSUES & INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Question 1

active transport

Answer 1

requires energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 2

primary active transport processes in the body

Answer 2

ion pump, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

Question 3

ion pump

Answer 3

sodium ion pump

Question 4

pahgocytosis

Answer 4

when cell engulf solid particles outside the cell by forming vesicles and is a protective mechanism often used to destroy bacteria.

Question 5

pinocytosis

Answer 5

when cell engulf liquid particles
dissolve substances into cells

Question 6

passive transport

Answer 6

does not require energy

Question 7

passive transport processes

Answer 7

diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

Question 8

diffusion

Answer 8

movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until reaches the stage of equibilirium

Question 9

osmosis

Answer 9

diffusion of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 10

filtration

Answer 10

movement of water and small solute particles but not larger particles.
movement occurs from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
e.g. coffee filter

Question 11

Cell life cycle

Answer 11

46 chromosomes
26 pairs of chromosomes
2 identical daughter cells (genetically and physically)
IPMAT

Question 12

Interphase

Answer 12

not part of mitosis
DNA doubles
genetic material not condense “chromatin”

Question 13

Prophase

Answer 13

nuclear envelope will disappear
genetic material condense into chromosomes “chromatids”
chromatids become attach to centromere
spindle fibres appear

Question 14

metaphase

Answer 14

chromosomes lined up
spindle fibres attached to each chromatid

Question 15

anaphase

Answer 15

centromere breaks part and chromosomes move away from the centre of the cell
contains information

Question 16

telophase

Answer 16

nuclear envelope starts to reappear
chromosomes getting not condense

Question 17

result of mitosis

Answer 17

2 identical daughter cells (genetically and physically)

Question 18

4 types of tissues

Answer 18

connective tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue

Question 19

plasma membrane

Answer 19

outer boundary of cell/encloses cell
regulate movement of substances in and out
composed of phospholipids, cholesterol (define stiffness), embedded proteins

Question 20

cytoplasm

Answer 20

gel-like substance within the cell that holds all the organelles, providing a watery environment for cellular processes.
responsible for supporting the cells shape and providing a medium for transport

Question 21

nucleus

Answer 21

stores and protect the genetic material (DNA)
2 components nucleolus and chromatin

Question 22

mitochondria

Answer 22

powerhouse of the cell ATP synthesis
most cellular respiration happens

Question 23

ribosomes

Answer 23

made of two tiny subunits ribosomal rRNA
synthesize proteins based on instructions encoded in DNA

Question 24

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 24

receives proteins, repair damage cell membrane, route of transport from one cell to another
ER with attached ribosomes = rough ER (receive and transport synthesis protein)
ER without ribosomes = smooth ER (synthesis lipids and certain carbohydrates)

Question 25

Golgi apparatus

Answer 25

modifies, stores and packages proteins for transport or secretion stack of flattened cells chemically processes and packaging from ER in vesicles

Question 26

lysosome

Answer 26

cells digestive bag, breaks apart larger molecules

Question 27

centrioles

Answer 27

helps organize and move chromosomes during cell reproduction pair of hollow cylinders at right angles to each other, each made of tiny tubules (microtubules) within the centrosome

Question 28

cilia

Answer 28

small hairlike structure longer than microvilli moves, sensory to detect conditions outside the cells common place to be found in respiratory tract

Question 29

microvilli

Answer 29

help increase surface tension do not move commonly found in digestive tract

Question 30

dialysis

Answer 30

diffusion of a solutes through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 31

epithelial tissue

Answer 31

form sheets that cover the body flat cells

Question 32

connective

Answer 32

provides structural and functional suppor

Question 33

muscle tissue

Answer 33

contracts to produce movement

Question 34

glands

Answer 34

modifies epithelial cells

Question 35

simple squamous

Answer 35

single layer flat cells ALVEOLI

Question 36

stratified squamous

Answer 36

multiple layers flattened cells

Question 37

simple cuboidal

Answer 37

single layer cube shape kidneys

Question 38

simple columnar

Answer 38

single layer elongated stomach

Question 39

pseudostratified

Answer 39

fake single layer making contact with basement membrane

Question 40

transitional

Answer 40

many layers

Question 41

stratum

Answer 41

bottom layer of epidermis

Question 42

connective tissue

Answer 42

loose fibrous (areolar), dense fibrous (regular and irregular), adipose, reticular, bone, cartilage, blood, hematopoietic (red bone marrow = myeloid tissue)

Question 43

adipose

Answer 43

white and brown fat (storage of lipids) brown fat have high metabolic rate

Question 44

reticular

Answer 44

organs hold it shape even out of its original place

Question 45

tendons

Answer 45

connect muscle to bones

Question 46

ligaments

Answer 46

connects bones to bones

Question 47

cartilage

Answer 47

provide some strength and some elasticity. vey poor blood supply

Question 48

blood

Answer 48

liquid matrix

Question 49

parietal layer

Answer 49

lines the walls of the body cavity

Question 50

nucleolus

Answer 50

dense region of the nucleus make subunits that form ribosomes

Question 51

flagellum

Answer 51

long whiplike projection of the sperm only e.g tail of sperm in humans

Question 52

visceral layer

Answer 52

surrounding organ itself

Question 53

peritoneum

Answer 53

abdomen

Question 54

pericardium

Answer 54

heart

Question 55

pleura

Answer 55

lungs

Question 56

subcutaneous

Answer 56

layer below the dermis contains fat and blood vessels

Question 57

membrane lining the interior of the abdominal wall

Answer 57

parietal peritoneum

Question 58

part of hair below the surface

Answer 58

hair follice

Question 59

dermis

Answer 59

thicker layer

Question 60

epidermis

Answer 60

outermost and thin layer

Question 61

serous membrane

Answer 61

consist of 2 distinct layers (parietal and visceral) thin space between these two layers contains fluid serous fluid which helps reduce friction between organs and cavity walls

Question 62

startum germinativum

Answer 62

innermost layer of cell that continually reproduce, creating new cells that move towards surface

Question 63

hair growth begins from

Answer 63

hair papilla

Question 64

shaft

Answer 64

visible part of hair

Question 65

keratin

Answer 65

helps in water proofing and skin flexibility

Question 66

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 66

sweat right from birth, mostly helps in cool body down secretes water

Question 66

sweat glands

Answer 66

not associated with hair apocrine and eccrine sweat glands

Question 67

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 67

secrete a thicker substance begins at the age of puberty

Question 68

sebaceous glands

Answer 68

oil glands secrete oil fro hair and skin

Question 68

dermal papilla

Answer 68

associated with finger prints

Question 69

rule of nine

Answer 69

estimate area of skin burn 11 areas, each covering about 9% of the surface area of the body

Question 70

what structure in the lungs have simple squamous epithelial cells

Answer 70

alveoli

Question 71

glands of skin that produces a thick secretion at puberty

Answer 71

apocrine sweet glands

Question 72

membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity

Answer 72

parietal peritoneum

Question 73

structure that will create vesicles from assembly line

Answer 73

Golgi apparatus