Session 10 urinary system and fluid electrolyte baance

Question 1

JG apparatus

Answer 1

helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume

Question 2

when blood pressure is low JG secrete

Answer 2

an enzyme Renin that triggers a system to restore unusual blood volume and blood pressure
when BP is low usually occurs when plasma volume is low

Question 3

kidneys

Answer 3

clean the blood
maintain electrolyte balance
retroperitoneal (means behind peritoneum)

Question 4

left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

FLOW OF URINE

Answer 5

kidneys
ureter (tubes, pipeline of urine)
urinary bladder (storage sac of urine)
urethera

Question 6

internal structure of kidney

Answer 6

Renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pyramids
renal papilla
renal column
major/minor calyces
renal pelvis
ureter

Question 7

outer part of the kidney

Answer 7

renal cortex

Question 8

inner part of the kidney

Answer 8

renal medulla

Question 9

triangular subdivisions of the medulla of the kidney

Answer 9

renal pyramids

Question 10

renal papilla

Answer 10

narrow innermost end of pyramid

Question 11

renal pelvis within the kidney exit kidney via

Answer 11

HILUM

Question 12

functional unit of kidney

Answer 12

nephron

Question 13

2 parts of nephron

Answer 13

renal corpuscle
renal tubules

Question 14

renal corpuscle

Answer 14

bowman capsule
glomerulus

Question 15

bowman capsule

Answer 15

cup shaped hollow sac surrounding glomerulus

Question 16

glomerulus

Answer 16

network of tiny blood capillaries
filtration happens beginning of urine formation

Question 17

afferent arteriole

Answer 17

heading towards glomerulus
delivers blood to glomerulus

Question 18

efferent arteriole

Answer 18

heading away from glomerulus
drains blood from glomerulus

Question 19

renal tubules

Answer 19

PCT -> nephron loope/henle loop ->DCT -> collecting duct

Question 20

nephron loop consists of

Answer 20

straight descending, hairpin turn, straight ascending limb
reabsorption

Question 21

distal tube of several nephrons join to form a one single

Answer 21

collecting duct (reabsorption and secretion)

Question 22

filtration

Answer 22

happens in Renal corpuscle filters in glomerulus

Question 23

transferring materials from tubules to blood.

Answer 23

reabsorption

Question 24

substances move from blood to tubule
in DCT(reabsorption and secretion) and CD

Answer 24

secretion

Question 25

ADH

Answer 25

made by hypothalamus secreted from posterior pituitary gland reabsorption of water less urine

Question 26

aldosterone

Answer 26

secreted from adrenal cortex (adrenal gland) stimulates Na reabsorption, water follows sodium less urine

Question 27

ANH

Answer 27

atrial wall of heart increase urine stimulates renal tubules to secrete more sodium

Question 28

real threshold

Answer 28

limits about of glucose that can come back in

Question 29

RAAS

Answer 29

protect against low BP Triggers aldosterone (reabsorption of Na) triggers JG release enzyme renin contriction of blood vessels cause blood pressure inc

Question 30

hormones affecting BP

Answer 30

aldosterone (inc blood pressure because of reabsorption blood volume inc) ADH (inc BP because of reabsorption of water)

Question 30

distal to the ascending limb

Answer 30

DCT

Question 31

drainage space connecting to upper end of ureter

Answer 31

renal pelvis

Question 32

intracellular

Answer 32

66%

Question 33

extracellular

Answer 33

34% interstitial fluid, lymph, plasma, transcellular fluid (CSF, synovial fluid)

Question 34

anuria

Answer 34

no urine output

Question 35

oliguria

Answer 35

small amount, scanty urea

Question 36

polyuria

Answer 36

excess urine

Question 37

renal colic

Answer 37

pain with urination kidney stones

Question 38

another name of urination

Answer 38

mitcturation, voiding

Question 39

internal sphincter

Answer 39

involuntary smooth muscle going to relax

Question 40

external sphincter

Answer 40

skeletal muscle we can control that circles the urethra below the neck of the bladder, voluntary

Question 41

reflex of voiding

Answer 41

when urinary bladder is full it contracts cause pressure internal sphincter relax and external sphincter relax or can close because we can control that

Question 42

newborn, males , females water %

Answer 42

newborns 75% males 60% females 50% muscles hold more water than fat

Question 43

dehydration

Answer 43

when urine output is more than input

Question 44

over hydration

Answer 44

when urine output is less than input

Question 45

glycosuria

Answer 45

glucose in the urine

Question 45

respirator mechanisms

Answer 45

lungs control CO2 respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis

Question 46

metabolic mechanisms

Answer 46

kidneys regulate bicarbonate metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis

Question 46

metabolic acidosis

Answer 46

ph low bicarbonate low co2 high

Question 47

respiratory acidosis

Answer 47

hyoventilation when lungs cannot remove enough CO2 (acid) inc CO2 = inc carbonic acid low pH

Question 48

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 48

hyperventilation decrease in CO2 dec carbonic acid high ph

Question 49

metabolic alkalosis

Question 50

plasma volume wth BP

Answer 50

dec BP less fluid going out from plasma