Session 11 Reproductive systems Flashcards by Ramanpreet Gill

asexual reproduction

one parent genetically identical to itself

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sexual reproduction

between 2 parents
each part contributed half of the nuclear chromosomes

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male essential organ

testes

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assessory organs

ducts: epididymis (two), vas deferns (two) , ejaculatory duct and urethera

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epididymis

sperm store and develop motility

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vas deferens/duct deferns

sperm exit from epididymis

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ejaculatory duct

formed by vas deferens joining duct from seminal vesicle
passes through prostate gland into urethera

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external genitals for male

scrotum and penis

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supportive sex glands of male

seminal vesical (two), bulbouretheral or Cowper gland (two), and prostate gland

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each testes surrounded by a tough, whitish membrane

tunica albuginea

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spermatogenesis (sperm production) take place in

seminiferous tubules
b/w them there is interstitial cells

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interstitial cells of testes

secrete testosterone which stores in epididymis and follow vas deferns ejaculatory duct urethera

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from puberty on seminiferous tubules continuously form

spermatozoa or sperm

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spermatogonia

precursor cell early stage of sperm
outside part of seminiferous tubules

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hormones for male

GnRH from hypothalamus stimulate anterior pituitary to secrete FSH AND LH

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one spermatogonia produce

4 genetically different sperms

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FSH for male

produce spermatogonia produce sperm

meiosis

spermatogonia 46 chromosomes

LH for male

stimulate interstitial cells of testes to produce testosterone

testosterone

stimulates anabolism
masculizing hormone
come from interstitial cells of testes

sperm cell mature in

lumen

one ventral column surrounding urethra

corpus spongiosum/ corpora spongiosa

two dorsal column

corpora cavernosa/ corpus carvernsoum

seminal vesicles

60%
rich in fructose

bulbourethral glands (Cowper glands)

5% pre-ejaculate, lubricating, neutralize acidity vagina is more acidic acid will kill sperm

prostate gland

30% activate sperm/maintains motility

essential organ for female

ovaries

assesory organ female

ducts: oviduct/fallopian tube/ uterine tube (2) uterus and vagina

assesory sex glands

greater (garthoiin) and lesser vestibular (scene) glands (two), breasts (two)

external genitalia of female

vulva

estrogen come from

granulosa cells

progesterone come from

corpus leuteum works with estrogen to initiate menstrual cycle develop milk in breast

estrogen in female

development and maturation of female reproductive organs pubic hair and breast development initiation of first menstrual cycle uterine lining begins to thicken

LH in female

ovulating hormone

FSH in female

follicle stimulate hormone help follicle to grow and develop

menstrual cycle

3 phases menses proliferative phase = follicle mature and uterine lining thickness, estrogen at it peak secretary phase = begins at ovulation progesterone secretion at its highest

epiostomy

prevent spontaneous damage after birth

fertilization usually occurs

in outer one third of uterine tube

ovarian calendar

diagram

production of female gametes or reproductive cells

oogenesis

oocyte surrounds by

granulosa cells

meiosis results in

one mature ovum (egg cell) and 3 polar bodies