Session 2 Chemistry of life and Organ systems

Question 1

subatomic particles

Answer 1

proton, neutron and electron

Question 2

proton

Answer 2

positively charged in the nucleus of an atom

Question 3

neutron

Answer 3

no charge

Question 4

electron

Answer 4

negatively charged

Question 5

organic molecules

Answer 5

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

monomers (building blocks): monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 7

monosaccharide

Answer 7

single monosachharide unit,
glucose, galactose, fructose.
most imp glucose

Question 8

disaccharide

Answer 8

2 monosachharide units
small, medium, large
sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 9

polysachharide

Answer 9

many monosaccharide units, storage forms
Glycogen
starch

Question 10

atomic mass

Answer 10

no. of protons + no. of neutrons

Question 11

atomic number

Answer 11

no. of protons in the nucles

Question 12

glycogen stores in

Answer 12

liver and muscles
storage form for carbohydrates

Question 13

starch stored in

Answer 13

plants, used to store energy
protein synthesis

Question 14

lipids

Answer 14

monomers: fatty acids and glycerol
primary function “structural”

Question 15

proteins

Answer 15

monomers: amino acids

Question 16

nucleic acids

Answer 16

monomer: nucleotides DNA RNA

Question 17

primary function of carbohydrates

Answer 17

used as a source of energy

Question 18

primary function of lipids

Answer 18

Provides structural and protective padding
Phospholipids
glycerol attracts water = hydrophilic (head)
glycerol repels water = hydrophobic (tail)

Question 19

primary function of proteins

Answer 19

“biochemical reactions but it can be structural and store
form structure of the body and its shape determines function
enzymes are proteins.

Question 20

ph and temp affect on proteins

Answer 20

extreme pH and temp. = permanent denature
low pH and temp. = slight change in shape

Question 21

primary function of nucleic acid

Answer 21

storage of information
DNA RNA

Question 22

compound

Answer 22

composed of more than 2 type of atoms
e.g H2O

Question 23

atom

Answer 23

smallest unit of matter

Question 24

molecules

Answer 24

composed of one or two atoms
eg. is basically an element or compound. H2 would be molecule of hydrogen. H2O would be molecule of water

Question 25

solvent

Answer 25

substance into which solutes are dissolved

Question 26

solute

Answer 26

substance that dissolve in a solvent to form a solution

Question 27

water properties

Answer 27

inorganic compound most abundant water is a solvent in which other compounds or solutes are dissolved glue like properties help hold tissue together

Question 28

Covalent bonding

Answer 28

share the electrons stronger bond not easily broken/not easily dissociate in water

Question 29

Ionic bonding

Answer 29

electron donor and electron acceptor usually dissolve in water

Question 30

hydrogen bonding

Answer 30

weak bonds H2O made of O AND H. shares electrons but unequal sharing. present in water, DNA, and proteins

Question 31

element

Answer 31

pure substance only one type of atom e.g. 2 hydrogen atoms

Question 32

more hydrogen ions

Answer 32

more acidic ph low

Question 32

more hydroxide ions

Answer 32

more basic ph high

Question 32

Buffer

Answer 32

resist a change in pH

Question 33

integumentary system

Answer 33

protection vitamin D maintain homeostasis contains sensory receptors helps maintain temp

Question 34

skeletal system

Answer 34

provides attachment for muscles hematopoiesis stores calcium

Question 35

muscular system

Answer 35

movement heat production storage of carbohydrates skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 36

skeletal muscle

Answer 36

striated and voluntary (consciously control)

Question 37

cardiac muscle

Answer 37

striated, involuntary

Question 38

smooth or visceral muscle

Answer 38

non-striated, involuntary

Question 39

nervous system

Answer 39

control of body functions using nerve impulses/action potentials/ depolarization

Question 40

endocrine system

Answer 40

control body functions using hormones most use negative feedback

Question 41

cardiovascular system

Answer 41

transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport of nutrients transport of waste maily transport of materials

Question 42

lymphatic system

Answer 42

fluid balance immunity with biological filtration lymph

Question 43

respiratory system

Answer 43

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide mechanisms to help control pH

Question 44

digestive system

Answer 44

break down foods absorbs nutrients eliminates waste

Question 45

urinary system

Answer 45

fluid and electrolyte balance elimination of waste mechanisms to help maintain pH

Question 46

male reproductive system

Answer 46

procreation hormones for development and maintenance of male and female characteristics

Question 47

female reproductive system

Answer 47

more complex than male

Question 48

body systems that help maintain pH

Answer 48

respiratory and urinary

Question 49

storage form of glucose

Answer 49

Glycogen

Question 50

lymph formed from

Answer 50

interstitial fluid

Question 51

glucagon

Answer 51

hormone that helps achieved normal blood sugar levels

Question 52

what do cells of body prefer to use for energy production

Answer 52

glucose

Question 53

energy currency of cells

Answer 53

ATP

Question 54

what type of food body prefers to eat for energy production

Answer 54

carbohydrates

Question 54

bones in newborns

Answer 54

over 300 because some are still cartilages becoming bone eventually

Question 55

bones in adults

Answer 55

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