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Semester 3 - Gastrointestinal > Session 6 - Anatomy of the liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen > Flashcards

Session 6 - Anatomy of the liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

The liver

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2
Q

How are nutrients conveyed to the liver?

A

• Via the portal venous system

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3
Q

Where can the liver be found?

A

• Right upper quadrant of the abdomen • Deep to ribs 7-11 on the right side

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4
Q

What is the hypochondrium?

A

• The part of the abdomen immediately deep to the ribs

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5
Q

What is A?

A

• Left lobe

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6
Q

What is B?

A

Falciform ligament

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7
Q

What is C?

A

• Round ligament of liver

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8
Q

What is D?

A

Inferior border of liver

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9
Q

What is E?

A

• Gall bladder

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10
Q

What is F?

A

• Right lobe

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11
Q

What is G?

A

• Coronary ligament

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12
Q

What is H?

A

• Left triangular ligament

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13
Q

What is A?

A

Cystic area

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14
Q

What is B?

A

• Hepatic duct

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15
Q

What is C?

A

• Portal vein

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16
Q

What is D?

A

• Inferior vena cava

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17
Q

What is F?

A

• Porta hepatis

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18
Q

What is G?

A

• Quadrate lobe

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19
Q

What is H?

A

• Falciform ligament

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20
Q

What is I?

A

• Round ligament

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21
Q

What are the two surfaces of the liver?

A

• Convex diaphramatic surface ○ Anterior, superior and some posterior • Visceral surface ○ Posteroinferior

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22
Q

What are the two surfaces of the liver separated by?

A

• Sharp inferior border the follows the right costal margin inferior to the diaphragm

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23
Q

What exists between the diaphragm and the liver?

A

• The subphrenic recess

24
Q

What are the right and left subphrenic recesses divided by?

A

• The falciform ligament, which extends between the liver and the anterior abdominal wall

25
Q

What is the space immediately below the liver called?

A

• The subhepatic space

26
Q

What is the falciform ligament a derivative of?

A

The ventral mesentery

27
Q

What does the falciform ligament contain?

A

• The ligamentum teres, an embryological remnant of the umbilical vein

28
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

An area not convered by visceral peritoneum, but lies in direct contact with the diaphragm

29
Q

What is the deep groove in the bare area of the liver used for?

A

IVC runs through it

30
Q

What is the coronary ligament?

A

• Peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the surface of the diaphragm Borders demarcate boundaries

31
Q

Give three ligaments of the liver and their attachments

A

• Coronary ligament - attaches to diaphrag, • Right triangular ligament - passes to diaphragm • Left triangular ligament - passes to diaphragm • Falciform ligament - Attaches liver to anterior body wall

32
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

• Ä transverse fissues where vessels (hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and lymphatics) drain

33
Q

What is the liver split into?

A

• Two anatomical and two accessory lobes

34
Q

What divides the right and left lobe?

A

• The falciform ligament divides the right lobe from the left

35
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver?

A

• The quadrate lobes • The caudate lobe • Right and left lobes

36
Q

What divides the quadrate lobe from the caudate lobe?

A

• The porta hepatis • The right and left sagittal fissures

37
Q

Which is at the front of the liver, the quadrate or caudate lobes?

A

• Quadrate

38
Q

Where does the gall bladder lie?

A

• In the fossa for the gall bladder of the visceral surface of he liver

39
Q

How much bile can the gall bladder hold?

A

50ml

40
Q

How is the gall bladder bound to the liver?

A

• Periotneum surrounding its fundus and body • Connective tissue of fibrous capsule of liver

41
Q

What are the three parts of the liver

A

• Fundus • Body • Neck

42
Q

What does the neck of the gall bladder join onto?

A

Cystic duct

43
Q

What are the billiary ducts?

A

• Convey bile from the liver to the duodenum

44
Q

Outline passage of bile to the cystic duct from hepatocytes

A

• Hepatocytes -> Interlobular billary ducts -> Collecting bile ducts -> Right and left hepatic ducts -> common hepatic duct

45
Q

Outline the passage of bile after it’s left the common hepatic duct

A

• Joins the cystic duct -> Bile duct -> Ampulla of vater (mixed with enzymes from pancreas

46
Q

What do gall stones in gall bladder cause?

A

• Asymtpomatic

47
Q

What do gall stones in cystic duct do?

A

• Acute cholecystitis

48
Q

What do gall stones in common bile duct do?

A

• Biliary obstruction

49
Q

What do gall stones in terminal duct/ampulla of vater do?

A

Acute pancreatitis

50
Q

What are the main tributaries of the hepatic portal vein?

A

• Superior mesenteric and splenic veins Gastric and cystic veins

51
Q

Whatis the arterial supply of the gall bladder and cystic duct?

A

• Cystic artery

52
Q

Where can the cystic artery be found?

A

• Triangle between the common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver • Called cystohepatic triangle

53
Q

Give the derivation of the cystic artery

A

• Coeliac trunk -> Common hepatic -> Right hepatic -> Cystic

54
Q

What is the venous drainage of the neck of gall bladder and cystic duct?

A

• Cystic veins

55
Q

What happens to the cystic veins which drain from the neck?

A

• Enter the liver directly or drain through the hepatic protal vein

56
Q

What happens to the venous drainage from fundus and body of the gall bladder?

A

• Passes directly into the visceral surface of the liver and drains into the hepatic sinusoids

Semester 3 - Gastrointestinal (28 decks)

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