Session 6 - Anatomy of the liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen Flashcards by Matt Quinn

What is the largest gland in the body?

The liver

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How are nutrients conveyed to the liver?

• Via the portal venous system

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Where can the liver be found?

• Right upper quadrant of the abdomen • Deep to ribs 7-11 on the right side

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What is the hypochondrium?

• The part of the abdomen immediately deep to the ribs

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What is A?

• Left lobe

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What is B?

Falciform ligament

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What is C?

• Round ligament of liver

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What is D?

Inferior border of liver

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What is E?

• Gall bladder

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What is F?

• Right lobe

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What is G?

• Coronary ligament

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What is H?

• Left triangular ligament

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What is A?

Cystic area

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What is B?

• Hepatic duct

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What is C?

• Portal vein

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What is D?

• Inferior vena cava

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What is F?

• Porta hepatis

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What is G?

• Quadrate lobe

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What is H?

• Falciform ligament

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What is I?

• Round ligament

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What are the two surfaces of the liver?

• Convex diaphramatic surface ○ Anterior, superior and some posterior • Visceral surface ○ Posteroinferior

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What are the two surfaces of the liver separated by?

• Sharp inferior border the follows the right costal margin inferior to the diaphragm

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What exists between the diaphragm and the liver?

• The subphrenic recess

What are the right and left subphrenic recesses divided by?

• The falciform ligament, which extends between the liver and the anterior abdominal wall

What is the space immediately below the liver called?

• The subhepatic space

What is the falciform ligament a derivative of?

The ventral mesentery

What does the falciform ligament contain?

• The ligamentum teres, an embryological remnant of the umbilical vein

What is the bare area of the liver?

An area not convered by visceral peritoneum, but lies in direct contact with the diaphragm

What is the deep groove in the bare area of the liver used for?

IVC runs through it

What is the coronary ligament?

• Peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the surface of the diaphragm Borders demarcate boundaries

Give three ligaments of the liver and their attachments

• Coronary ligament - attaches to diaphrag, • Right triangular ligament - passes to diaphragm • Left triangular ligament - passes to diaphragm • Falciform ligament - Attaches liver to anterior body wall

What is the porta hepatis?

• Ä transverse fissues where vessels (hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and lymphatics) drain

What is the liver split into?

• Two anatomical and two accessory lobes

What divides the right and left lobe?

• The falciform ligament divides the right lobe from the left

What are the four lobes of the liver?

• The quadrate lobes • The caudate lobe • Right and left lobes

What divides the quadrate lobe from the caudate lobe?

• The porta hepatis • The right and left sagittal fissures

Which is at the front of the liver, the quadrate or caudate lobes?

• Quadrate

Where does the gall bladder lie?

• In the fossa for the gall bladder of the visceral surface of he liver

How much bile can the gall bladder hold?

50ml

How is the gall bladder bound to the liver?

• Periotneum surrounding its fundus and body • Connective tissue of fibrous capsule of liver

What are the three parts of the liver

• Fundus • Body • Neck

What does the neck of the gall bladder join onto?

Cystic duct

What are the billiary ducts?

• Convey bile from the liver to the duodenum

Outline passage of bile to the cystic duct from hepatocytes

• Hepatocytes -\> Interlobular billary ducts -\> Collecting bile ducts -\> Right and left hepatic ducts -\> common hepatic duct

Outline the passage of bile after it's left the common hepatic duct

• Joins the cystic duct -\> Bile duct -\> Ampulla of vater (mixed with enzymes from pancreas

What do gall stones in gall bladder cause?

• Asymtpomatic

What do gall stones in cystic duct do?

• Acute cholecystitis

What do gall stones in common bile duct do?

• Biliary obstruction

What do gall stones in terminal duct/ampulla of vater do?

Acute pancreatitis

What are the main tributaries of the hepatic portal vein?

• Superior mesenteric and splenic veins Gastric and cystic veins

Whatis the arterial supply of the gall bladder and cystic duct?

• Cystic artery

Where can the cystic artery be found?

• Triangle between the common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver • Called cystohepatic triangle

Give the derivation of the cystic artery

• Coeliac trunk -\> Common hepatic -\> Right hepatic -\> Cystic

What is the venous drainage of the neck of gall bladder and cystic duct?

• Cystic veins

What happens to the cystic veins which drain from the neck?

• Enter the liver directly or drain through the hepatic protal vein

What happens to the venous drainage from fundus and body of the gall bladder?

• Passes directly into the visceral surface of the liver and drains into the hepatic sinusoids