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Semester 3 - Gastrointestinal > Session 5 - Stomach anatomy > Flashcards

Session 5 - Stomach anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five main parts of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Antrum
  • Pylorus
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2
Q

What are the two main borders of the stomach?

A
  • The lesser curvature

* The greater curvature

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3
Q

Where does the oesophagogastric junction lie?

A

• To the left of T11 on the horizontal plane that passes through th xiphoid process

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4
Q

What is the line at which osophageal mucosa changes to gastric?

A

The Z line

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5
Q

What acts as a physiological sphincter?

A

• The diaphragmatic musculature forming the oesophageal hiatus functions as a physiological spgnicter that contracts and relaxes

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6
Q

What two structures prevent refllux into the oesophagus?

A
  • Cardiac notch

* Diaphragmatic musculature

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7
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

• Thick, circular muscle coat acts as sphincter, control discharge of the stomach contents through the pyloric orifice into the duodenum

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8
Q

What is the folded shape of the gastric mucosa known as?

A

• Rugae

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9
Q

What are the three histologically distinct zones of the gastric mucosa?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus and body

Pyloric

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10
Q

What is a gastric canal?

A

• Channel generated by folds in the gastric mucosa through which saliva and other fluids can reach the pyloric sphincter

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11
Q

What cells are present in the cardia?

A

• Neck cells - Mucus

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12
Q

What cells are present in the fundus and body?

A
  • Neck cells - Mucus
  • Parietal - acid
  • Chief - Pepsinogen
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13
Q

What cells are present in the pyloris?

A
  • Neck cells - Mucus

* G-cells - Gastrin

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14
Q

Where are peptic ulcers common?

A

• In the antrum ad along the lesser curvature of the stomach

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15
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A
  • A prominent, four layered peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the greater curve of the stomach
  • After descending it folds back and attachs to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery
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16
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

• A much smaller, double-layered peritoneal fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.

Connects the stomach to the portal traid

17
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

• The greater and lessaer omentum communicate through the omental foramen, and opening situated posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum.

18
Q

Where is the arterial supply of the stomach derived from?

A
  • The coeliac trunk

* Originated from the abdominal aorta

19
Q

What are the three main branches of the coeliac trunk?

A
  • Left gastric artery
  • Splenic artery
  • Common hepatic artery
20
Q

What is the blood supply of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A
  • Coeliac trunk -> Left gastric

* Coeliac trunk -> Common Hepatic -> Right gastric

21
Q

What is the blood supply of the greater curvature of the stomach?

A
  • Coeliac trunk -> Splenic -> Left gastro-omental

* Coeliac trunk -> Common hepatic -> Gastroduodenal -> Right gastro-omental

22
Q

What is the blood supply of the fundus and the body of the stomach?

A

• Coeliac trunk -> Splenic -> Posterior gastric/ Small gastric

23
Q

List the veins of the stomach

A
  • Left gastric vein
  • Right gastric vein
  • Short gastric vein
  • Left gastro-omental vein
  • Right gastro-omental vein
24
Q

What is the path of the left gastric vein?

A

• Follows the course of the left gastric artery

Drains into the hepatic portal vein

25
Q

What is the path of the right gastric vein?

A

• Follows the course of the right gastric artery

Drains into the hepatic portal vein

26
Q

What is the path of the short gastric vein?

A

• Follows the course of the short gastric artery
• Drains into the splenic vein
○ Joins SMV to form hepatic portal vein

27
Q

What is the path of the left gastro-omental vein?

A

• Follows the course of the left gastro-omental artery
• Drains into the splenic veins
○ Joints SMV to form hepatic protal vein

28
Q

What is the path of the rigth gastro-omental vein?

A
  • Follows the course of the right gastro-omental artery
  • Drains into the superior mesenteric vein

Joins splenic vein to form hepatic portal vein

29
Q

What can acute gastritis of the stomach be caused by?

A
  • NSAIDS/Alcohol

* Exfoliation of the surface epithelial cells and decreased secretion of protective mucus

30
Q

What can chronic gastritis of the stomach be cause by?

A

• Infection with the bacteria helicobacter pylori

Inflammatory change sin the mucosa resulkt in atrophy and epithelial metaplasia

Semester 3 - Gastrointestinal (28 decks)

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