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Semester 3 - Gastrointestinal > Session 3 - Abdominal wall and the mesenteries > Flashcards

Session 3 - Abdominal wall and the mesenteries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three borders of the abdominal wall?

A
  • Anterior
    • Lateral (Together with anterior sometimes known as anterolateral)
    • Posterior
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2
Q

What is the anterolateral abdominal wall bound by superiorly and inferiorly?

A
  • Superiorly by the cartilages of the 7th-10th ribs and xiphoid process of the sternum
    • Inferiorly by the inguinal ligament and the superior margins of the anterolateral aspects of the pelvic girdle
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3
Q

What does the anterolateral abdominal wall consist of (in order)

A
  • Skin
    • Subcutaneous tissue
    • Muscle and their aponeurosis
    • Deep fascia
    • Extraperitoneal fate
    • Parietal peritoneum
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4
Q

Where are the bony attachment points of the ribs?

A
  • Ribs
    • Spine
    • Illiac crest
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5
Q

What is needed in the midline of the abdomen for muscles to contract against?

A

• Linae albase

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6
Q

What are the three layers of muscles of the abdominal wall?

A
  • External obliques (Attached to ribs)
    • Internal obliques (attached to illiac crest)
    • Transversalis abdominus (Attached to lumbar verterbra)
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7
Q

What exists below the three layers of muscle?

A

• The transveralis fascia

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the greater omentum?

A

• Walls off areas of infection

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9
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

• The point at which the posterior rectus abdominal sheath stops at a point 1/3rd from the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis

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10
Q

What is divarication of recti?

A

• Due to laxity of linea alba

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11
Q

Why does bleeding occur in rectus abdominus muscle?

A

• Due to warfarin use and in which haemorrhage

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12
Q

What is Cullen’s sign?

A

• Sign of pancreatitis

Haemorrhage into rectus abdominu

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13
Q

What is the umbilicus?

A

Embryological remenant found at spinal level L3

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14
Q

What is the epigastric fossa?

A
  • Slight depression in the epigastric region, just inferior to the xiphoid process
    • Noticeable when a person is in the supine position because the abdominal organs spread out
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15
Q

What is commonly felt at epigastric fossa?

A

• Heartburn

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16
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

• Aponeuroses of abdominal muscles, separating the left and right rectus abdominis

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17
Q

What happens if one has a lax linea alba?

A

• Muscles spread apart

Called divarication of recti

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18
Q

What is the pubic crest and symphisis?

A

• Upper margins of the pubic bones and the cartilaginous joints that unite them. Can be felt at the inferior end of the linea alba.

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19
Q

What is the inguinal groove?

A

• Skin crease that is parallel and just inferior to the inguinal ligament (runs between ASIS and pubic tubercle). Marks the division between the abdominal wall and the thigh.

20
Q

What are the semilunar lines?

A

• Slight curves tendinous lines on either side of the rectus abdominis

21
Q

What are the tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis?

A

• Tendinous lines running horizontally across rectus abdominis

22
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

• Where the fibrous sheath of the rectus abdominous stops 1/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the pubic crest

23
Q

What is McBurney’s point?

A
  • 2/3rds of the distance between the umbillicus and anterior superior illiac spine
    • Appendicectomy
    • Use a gridiron incision
24
Q

How many muscles are present in the abdominal wall?

A

• 5

25
Q

Name the three flat muscles of the abdominal wall

A
  • External oblique
    • Internal oblique
    • Transversus abdominis
26
Q

Name the two vertical muscles of the abdominal wall

A

• Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis

27
Q

In what direction do the oblique flat muscle run?

A

• Diagonally and perpendicular to each other

28
Q

In which direction do the fibres of transversus abdominus run?

A

• Transversely

29
Q

What is the origin of external oblique

A

• External surfaces of the 5th to 12th ribs

30
Q

What is the insertion of external oblique

A
  • Linea alba
    • Pubic tubercle
    • Anterior half of iliac crest
31
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique?

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
    • Anterior two thirds of iliac crest
    • Connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament
32
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique?

A
  • Inferior borders of the 10th to 12th ribs
    • Linea alba
    • Pectin pubis
33
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A
  • Internal surfaces of 7th to 12th costal cartilages
    • Thoracolumbar fascia
    • Iliac crest
34
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?

A

• Linea alba with aponeuroses of internal oblique

35
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A
  • Tendinous sheath which encloses the rectus abdominus (vertical muscle, forms the abs!)
    • Formed from the strong, sheet like aponeuroses of the three flat musclees
36
Q

Where does the linea alba extend to and from?

A

• Xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

37
Q

What are the two muscles found in the rectus sheath?

A

• Rectus abdominis

38
Q

Does the rectus sheath completely extend all the way to the pubic symphsis?

A
  • Posterior rectus sheath disappears at arcuate line

* 1/3 way from ubilicus to pubic crest

39
Q

What is the linea semilunaris?

A

• Curved tendinous line places on either side of the rectus abdominus

40
Q

What are the tendinous horizontal lines breaking up the rectus abdominis called?

A

• Tendinous intersections

41
Q

What occurs if muscle is used as a sutural locaiton?

A

• Eventual incisional hernia through weakness in wall

42
Q

Name four different abdominal inscisions

A
  • Midline incision
    • Transverse incsision
    • Appendicectomy
    • Gridiron incision
43
Q

What is a midline incision?

A

• Surgeons suture the linea alba together to provide strong closure

44
Q

What is a transverse incision?

A

• surgeons suture the external oblique aponeuroses

45
Q

Where is an appendicectomy incision placed?

A
  • McBurney’s point
    • 2/3rds of the distance between the umbilicus and ASIS

Through a gridiron muscle splitting incision

46
Q

What is gridiron incision?

A
  • Put scissors in and open and close them to separate out the muscle fibres, followed by the next two layers.
    • This is in order to separate out the fibres of the external and internal obliques and the transversalis

Semester 3 - Gastrointestinal (28 decks)

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