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CLS > Serology Day 3 - Autoimmune, immunoassays > Flashcards

Serology Day 3 - Autoimmune, immunoassays Flashcards

1
Q

ANA test

A

Screening test for anti-nuclear antibodies

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2
Q

Homogenous ANA pattern usually indicative of:

A

SLE (systemic lupus erythamatosus)

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3
Q

Centromere (discrete speckled) ANA pattern usually indicative of:

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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4
Q

Speckled ANA pattern usually indicative of:

A

Sjogren syndrom

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5
Q

Nucleolar ANA pattern usually indicative of:

A

Scleroderma

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6
Q

SLE clinical presentation

A

Multi-organ involvement (skin, joints, kidney, lungs, CNS), Raynaud’s, butterfly rash, anemia, decreased platelets, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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7
Q

Drug-induced SLE

A

Has antibodies to histones but not to ds-DNA, shows positive on ANA but negative on Crithidia lucilae

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8
Q

Crithidia lucilae

A

Single cell protozoan, has mitochondrial mass of ds-DNA, SLE antibodies react

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9
Q

SLE antibodies

A

Anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith

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10
Q

Sjogren’s Syndrom clinical presentation

A

Affects lacrimal and salivary glands (dry eyes and mouth, pain and swelling in glands)

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11
Q

Sjogren’s Syndrome antibodies

A

Anti-La, rheumatoid factor (need biobsy of salivary glands for definitive diagnosis)

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12
Q

Scleroderma 2 forms

A

Progressive diffuse, systemic CREST

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13
Q

CREST meaning

A 
Calcinosis (bone formation)
Raynaud
Esophogeal involvment
Sclerodactyly (hard fingers)
Telangiectasia (spider veins)
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14
Q

Scleroderma clinical presentation

A

Cyanosis, puffy face, hard skin, GI symptoms, lung and heart arrythmias

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15
Q

Scleroderma antibodies

A

Anti-centromere

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16
Q

Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus antibodies

A

Anti-beta cells, can’t produce insulin

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17
Q

MIXED Connective tissue disease clinical presentation

A

Joint pain, stiffness, esophageal disfunction, progressively worsening, leukopenia, arthritis

18
Q

MIXED Connective tissue disease antibodies

A

Anti-ssDNA

19
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis clinical presentation

A

Joint swelling, morning stiffness, weight loss, fatigue, low grade fever

20
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis antibodies

A

Rheumatoid factor (IgG, IgM, IgA)

21
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis antibodies

A

Anti-liver smooth muscle

22
Q

Goodpasture’s disease antibodies

A

Anti-glomerular basement membrane

23
Q

Pernicious anemia antibodies

A

Anti-parietal cell

24
Q

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

Increased TSH, normal T3/T4, hypothyroidism

25
Q

Grave’s disease

A

Increased T3/T4, decreased TSH, hyperthyroidism

26
Q

Pernicious anemia clinical signs and treatment

A

Can’t absorb vitamin B12 due to destruction of parietal cells in GI, treat with injections of B12

27
Q

Autoimmune liver disease antibodies

A

Anti-liver soluble protein
Anti-liver membrane
Anti-acidoglycoprotein receptor

28
Q

Radioimmunoassay

A

Reactant is radiolabeled, used to look at small molecules (hormones, vitamins, drugs), not used as much anymore

29
Q

Common enzyme labels

A

Horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-PD

30
Q

Common fluorescent labels

A

FITC (green), Rhodamine (orange)

31
Q

Common chemiluminescent labels

A

Acridinium esters, luminol, nitrophenyl oxalates

32
Q

Competitive immunoassays

A

Labeled antigen added, competes for space on antibody with unlabeled antigen present in patient sample, higher signal seen (labeled antigen) = lower concentration of unlabeled antigen

33
Q

Non-competitive assay

A

“Sandwich assay”, wash steps to remove other antigens, higher sensitivity and specificity

34
Q

Homogeneous immunoassays

A

Don’t require separation by washing (latex agglutination)

35
Q

Heterogenous immunoassays

A

Wash steps, removes other antigens (less false positives and background noise)

36
Q

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT)

A

Automated competitive method, used for drug testing

37
Q

Nephelometry

A

Measuring light scattering off of Ag/Ab complexes, more scattered light means more complexes

38
Q

Fluorescence light pathway

A

Incident light (high energy/small wavelength) excites molecule which gives off fluorescent light (lower energy/higher wavelength)

39
Q

Photoluminescence

A

Living/non-living, organic/non-organic specimens absorb and re-radiate light (fireflies)

40
Q

Epifluorescence

A

Combination of excitation and emission wavelengths travel through specimen to emit fluorescence (not used as much, parasitic cysts)

41
Q

What are rheumatoid factors?

A

Antibodies against the Fc region of IgG

42
Q

Billiary cirrhosis antibodies

A

Anti-mitochondrial

CLS (15 decks)

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