Blood Bank Other Blood Group Ag/Ab

Question 1

M and N antigens

Answer 1

Well developed at birth, M+N+ is heterozygous, easily destroyed by enzyme

Question 2

Anti-M

Answer 2

Naturally occurring, cold reacting, most are IgG some are IgM, do not bind complement, usually no HDFN

Question 3

Anti-N

Answer 3

Cold reactive, IgG or IgM, does not bind complement, clinically significant at 37C

Question 4

S and s

Answer 4

Well developed at birth, less easily destroyed by enzyme

Question 5

Anti-S and anti-s

Answer 5

Usually not naturally occurring, IgG, reactive at 37C, may bind complement and cause hemolytic transfusion rxn

Question 6

P1 antigen

Answer 6

Found on RBC’s, WBC’s, and epithelial cells, strength in adults varies, deteriorates on stored cells (can cause false neg)

Question 7

Anti-P1

Answer 7

Naturally occurring, IgM, cold reacting, rarely causes hemolytic transfus rxn, no HDFN, crossmatch at warm temp with AHG is acceptable

Question 8

I and i antigens

Answer 8

I is found in all adults, i in babies (converts later)

Question 9

Anti-I

Answer 9

Naturally occurring, cold, IgM auto-antibody

Allo anti-I is IgM or IgG, adults with i phenotype, have to transfuse with other adult i blood

Question 10

Anti-i

Answer 10

Auto antibody, rare, IgM, cold reacting, not very strong

Question 11

Kell antigens

Answer 11

Kell, cellano, Kpa, Kpb, Jsa, Jsb

Well developed in cord cells, highly immunogenic (K is 2nd to D), not destroyed by enzyme

Question 12

Anti-K

Answer 12

Most common other than ABO and Rh, not naturally occurring, usually IgG, can bind complement

Question 13

Anti-Kpa, anti-Jsa

Answer 13

Rare because of low antigen frequency

Question 14

Anti-k, anti-Kpb, anti-Jsp

Answer 14

Rare because almost everyone has antigen

Question 15

Duffy antigens

Answer 15

Well developed on cord cells, destroyed by enzymes

Question 16

Anti-Fy(a) and anti-Fy(b)

Answer 16

Not usually seen alone but seen with another antibody, usually IgG, may bind complement, enhanced with LISS, destroyed by enzyme, clinically significant

Question 17

Kidd antigens

Answer 17

Well developed on cord cells, rarely causes HDFN but can, not very immunogenic, enhanced by enzymes

Question 18

Anti-Jk(a), anti-Jk(b)

Answer 18

Often shows dosage, can fall below detectable limit, reactive with AHG, may bind complement, clinically significant

Question 19

Lutheran antigens

Answer 19

Lu(a) very low, Lu(b) very high

Ag expression varies in adults, can be on WBC’s, poorly developed in cord cells, adult levels not reached until 15

Question 20

Anti-Lu(a)

Answer 20

Seldom seen due to low Ag frequency, IgM, likes room temp, naturally occuring, may bind complement, variable rxn with enzyme, not clinically significant

Question 21

Anti-Lu(b)

Answer 21

Seldom seen due to high Ag frequency, IgG, likes 37C, may show dosage, may bind complenent, variable rxn with enzymes, clinically significant

Question 22

Lewis antigens

Answer 22

Made by tissue cells and secreted into body fluids (soluble), absorbed onto RBC membrane, phenotype changes during pregnancy and in infants

Question 23

Lewis antibody

Answer 23

Naturally occurring, IgM, not clinically significant, agglutination is fragile, enhanced by enzymes, use IgG AHG for crossmatch