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CLS > Serology Day 2 - Serological techniques, TORCH, syphilis > Flashcards

Serology Day 2 - Serological techniques, TORCH, syphilis Flashcards

1
Q

Immunofixation Electrophoresis

A

Serum run on different rows of gel, anti-antibodies used to see each type of immunoglobulins in each row

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2
Q

Titer results

A

Dilution factor of last dilution that shows positive result

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3
Q

Pre-zone

A

More antibodies than antigen

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4
Q

Post-zone

A

More antigen than antibody

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5
Q

Zone of equivalence

A

Antigen and antibody concentrations close enough to form immune complexes

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6
Q

Precipitation assays

A

soluble antigen reacts with soluble antibody (turbidity/nephelometry)

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7
Q

Ouchterlony formation patterns

A

Identity: solid bent line between antibody, unkown antigen, and standard antigen
Non-identity: crossed lines, little similarity between standard and unkown antigen
Partial identity: lines close but obviously distinct, standard and unknown antigen have similar epitopes

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8
Q

Radial immunodiffusion

A

Agar has antibody in it, patient sample added to well, allowed to difuse
Ring is formed, diameter of ring is proportional to concentration

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9
Q

Immunoelectrophoresis

A

Antigens run on gel first, trough cut and antibody added which diffuses

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10
Q

Hypogammaglobulinemia

A

Low amounts of Ig’s

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11
Q

A-gammaglobulinemia

A

Absence of Ig’s

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12
Q

Hypergammopathy

A

Too many Ig’s

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13
Q

Direct agglutination

A

Antigen directly combines with antibody

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14
Q

Indirect agglutination

A

Carrier molecule coated with antigen, reacts with antibody in more visible way

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15
Q

Hemmaglutination

A

ABO blood group assay

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16
Q

Flocculation test

A

Precipitate of fine particles, use indirect method

17
Q

Complement fixation test

A

No hemolysis = complement reacted with Ag/Ab complex (Ab is present in patient)
Hemolysis = complement not fixed onto Ag/Ab complex, no Ab in patient

18
Q

Western Blot

A

Proteins, using electrophoresis the use anti-protein antibody

19
Q

Southern Blot

A

DNA, using electrophoresis and radioisotopes

20
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

IgM’s produced in infection that are capable of binding to unrelated antigens from other species

21
Q

Forssman antibody

A

Antibody developed during mono infection also reacts against guinea pig kidney and sheep RBC

22
Q

Heterophile antibody tests

A

Paul Bunnell, Dadisohn Differential

23
Q

TORCH

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
24
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Asymptomatic to mono-like symptoms (birth defects cause hydrocephalus)
Domestic cat is host, difficult to culture, use EIA to test

25
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Part of herpes family (stays latent mostly, mild mono-like symptoms when reactivates), almost everyone has it (passed by fluids)

26
Q

Rubella

A

“3 day measles”, serious birth defects like CHF, considered immune at 1:8 titer, 4 fold increase shows recent infection

27
Q

Herpes

A

Genital virus, can pass to baby during birth if mom is active, can kill infant

28
Q

Syphilis bacterium

A

Treponema pallidum (a spirochete)

29
Q

Syphillis (background info)

A

Can be destroyed by heat, cold, and drying
Need direct contact with open lesion to pass on, can pass to infants during birth
Treat with penicillin

30
Q

Syphillis clinical presentation

A

Primary: chancre (gential lesion)
Secondary: malaise, asymptomatic
Tertiary: inflammation, neurosyphillis

31
Q

Syphillis screening

A

Start with non-treponemal antibodies (reagin), then look for treponemal antibodies

32
Q

Nontreponemal tests

A

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

33
Q

VDRL test

A

Looking for flocculation on slide, can do quantitative to monitor treatment, CSF can only be tested via VDRL

34
Q

RPR test

A

Looking for flocculation, sensitive, faster than VDRL

35
Q

Treponemal tests

A

Fluorescent treponemal absorption (FTA-ABS) and T pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA)

36
Q

FTA-ABS test

A

Incubate with sorbent (remove cross-reacting antibodies), incubated on slide with killed T pallidum, use fluorescent anti-human Ig antibody to view

37
Q

TP-PA test

A

Patient serum incubated wit gel particled covered in T pallidum antigen, smooth mat on surface of well is positive rxn, button is negative rxn

38
Q

Typical antibody patterns in syphillis

A

Treponemal antibodies stay high throughout all stages, even after treatment
Nontreponemal antibodies decrease as disease become latent (treated drops lower than untreated)

CLS (15 decks)

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