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CLS > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sporogony?

Where does Sporogony occur?

A

Sexual reproduction of the parasite

Insect (definitive host)

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2
Q

What is Schizogony?

Where does Schizogony occur?

A

Asexual reproduction of parasite

Mammal (intermediate/dead-end host)

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3
Q

What is the plasmodium reproduction path?

A

Gametocytes fertilize to zygote in mosquito, form oocyst, oocyst divides to form sporozoites
Sporozoites passed to humans, form merzoites in liver, infect RBC’s and make more merozoites, some become male/female gametes

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4
Q

What are the two stages of asexual reproduction of malaria in humans? How long do they last?

A

Exo-erythrocytic (outside of RBC’s, in liver, 1-2 weeks)

Erythrocytic (in RBC’s, 24-72 hours)

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5
Q

Which plasmodium species attack younger RBC’s? Which attack older?

A

Younger RBC’s attacked by P. ovale and P vivax
Older RBC’s attacked by P. malriae
P. falciparum attacks all RBC’s

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6
Q

What is the periodicity of plasmodium species (seeing fever, chills, sweating)?

A

P. vivax and P. ovale = 48 hrs
P. malariae = 72 hrs
P. falciparum = 36-48 hrs

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7
Q

What is the RBC morphology for P. vivax?

A

Enlarged young RBC’s

Trophozoite inside looks ameboid, vacuoles, golden-brown

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8
Q

What is the RBC morphology for P. ovale?

A 
Enlarged fimbriated (spiky) RBC's, infects Duffy neg pts
Trophozoite inside looks compact, round, golden-brown
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9
Q

What is the RBC morphology for P. malariae?

A

Normal, older RBC’s

Trophozoite inside looks like band form accross cell, dark-brown

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10
Q

What is the RBC morphology for P. falciparum?

A

Normal, RBC’s of all ages

Trophozoite inside looks small, delicate, ring forms, dark pigment

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11
Q

What is reproduction cycle of Babesia?

A

Sexual reproduction occurs in tick, sporozoites are infective, passed to humans by tick bite
Asexual reproduction in rodents/humans, RBC’s infected and destroyed
Sporozoites formed by binary fission

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12
Q

What is Babesia disease like?

A

Mild, self-limiting in healthy population, can be fatal in immunocompromised, can be passed via blood transfusion

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13
Q

How to diagnose Babesia?

A

Giemsa-stained blood smear, see tetrads/maltese crosses in RBC’s, no stippling or pigment in RBC’s

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14
Q

Leishmaniasis similarites of all 3

A

Vector: sandfly

Promastigotes infective

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15
Q

L. donovani

A

Infects reticuloendothelial cells, anemia, hepato- and splenomegaly, fatal 1-2 yrs

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16
Q

L. tropica

A

Skin lymphoid tissue infected, ulcers at bite, itching

17
Q

L. braziliensis

A

Infects reticuloendothelial cells, ulcers of oral/nasal skin/mucosa, disfiguring, death due to secondary infection

18
Q

Trypanosomiasis similarities of all 3

A

Trypomastigotes infective

19
Q

T. gambiense

A

Tsetse fly vector
Lymphatic system/CNS infected
Ulcer at bite, englarged lymph nodes, encephalitis, coma/death
Test CSF samples

20
Q

T. rhodesience

A

Tsetse fly vector
Lymphatic and CNS infected
Anorexia, fever, chills, confusion, dementia, death within 9-12 months
Test CSF

21
Q

T. cruzi

A

Kissing (reduviid) bug vector, passed by feces of bug
Infects many tissues (heart, brain, liver, eye)
Causes Chagas’ disease, may be asymptomatic, may have fever, chills, edema of one eyelid, englarged organs
Most severe in kids under 5

22
Q

Filariasis

A

Blood/tissue nemtodes
Microfilariae (larvae) seen under stain as threadlike, sheathed/unsheathed, nuclei inside
Diagnose based on periodicity, location in host, microfilariae morphology

23
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Mosquito vector
Asymptomatic then symptomatic, fever/chills, lymphadenopathy, elephantiasis
Nocturnal periodicity, pointed tail w/o nuclei, sheath at ends

24
Q

Brugia malayi

A

Same as W. bancrofti except 2 nuclei in tail tip

25
Q

Loa loa

A

Deerfly vector, infects blood and subcutaneous tissues
Calabar swelling (lymph nodes), worm can be seen in eye (extract from eye to treat)
Diurnal periodicity, tail has continuous row of nuclei, sheath at ends

26
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A

Blackfly vector, infects subcutaneous tissue, skin, eye (test skin, not blood)
Allergic reactions, blindness, chronic
No periodicity, continuous row of nuclei in tail, unsheathed

27
Q

Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)

A

Domestic cat vector
Passed via cat feces, undercooked meat, transplacental
Test w/ serology for antibodies

28
Q

Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

A

Tick vector
1st = bull’s eye rash, flu-like
2nd = heart problems, face paralysis, meningitis
3rd = arthritis/joint damage months/yrs later
Test via serology

CLS (15 decks)

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