Blood Bank Lab Glossary Flashcards
Absorption
Removal of an unwanted antibody
Adsorption
Providing antibody with corresponding antigen, antibody attaches to antigen, removes antibody from serum
Affinity
Bond between single antigen and combining site on antibody, a binding constant
Agglutination
Clumping of RBC’s or other particulate from interaction of antibody with corresponding antigen
Agglutinin
Antibody that agglutinates cells
Agglutinogen
Substance that stimulates production of agglutinin, acts as antigen
Allele
One of two or more genes that can occupy a specific locus on a chromosome
Allo-
Prefix indicating differences within a species (alloantibody = antibody from one individual against RBC’s of another)
Amorph
Gene that doesn’t produce detectable antigen, silent gene
Antenatal
Occurring before birth
Anti-A1 lectin
Anti-A1 serum produced from seeds of plants, reacts with A1 cells (Dolichos biflorus)
Anti-B lectin
Anti-B serum produced from seeds of plant, react with B cells (Bandeiraea simplicifolia)
Antibody Screen
Testing patient’s serum with group O reagent red cells to detect atypical antibodies
Anti-H lectin
Anti-H produced from seeds of plant (Ulex europaeus)
Antihuman globulin test (AGT)
Check presence or absence of RBC's by immunoglobulin G and/or complement Use xenoantibody (rabbit) to act as bridge between sensitized cells
Antihuman sera
Antibody produced in rabbits or other animal that is directed against human immunoglobulin and/or complement, can be polyspecific or monospecific
Antiserum
Reagent source of antibody, like commercial antiserum
Antithetical
Antigens that are product of allelic genes
Autologous control
Testing patient’s serum with their own cells in effort to detect autoantibody activity
Avidity
Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen
Biphasic
Reactivity occurring in two phases
Chimera
Individual who possesses a mixed cell population
Cis position
Location of two or more genes on the same on the chromosome of a homologous pair
Codominant
Pair of genes in which neither is dominant over other, both are expressed
Coomb’s serum
Antihuman serum
Dosage
Phenomenon where antibody reacts more strongly with a RBC carrying a double dose (homozygous) than a RBC with single dose (heterozygous) of antigen
Elution
Cells coated with antibody are treated so that Ag/Ab bonds disrupted, freed antibody collected and tested to identify its specificity
Enzyme Treatment
RBC’s incubated with enzyme soltuion that cleaves some antigens and exposes others
Ficin
Proteolytic enzyme from fig
Genotype
Individual’s genetic makeup
Hemolysin
Antibody that activates complement leading to cell lysis
Heterozygous
Possessing different alleles at given locus
Homozygous
Possessing a pair of identical alleles
In vitro
Outside of body, in laboratory
In vivo
Inside of living body
Isogglutinins
Isoantibodies (anti-A, anti-B, anti-A,B) which are expected to be found in serum
Lectin
Proteins present in plants which bind to carb determinant and agglutinate RBC’s through surface sugars
Low ionic strength solution (LISS)
Reduces ionic strength of suspending medium which increases affinity of antigen for its corresponding antibody to increase sensitivity
Major crossmatch
Compatability testing using recipient serum and donor RBC’s
Minor crossmatch
Compatability testing using recipient RBC and donor serum
Monoclonal
Antibody derived from single ancestral antibody-producing cell
Phenotype
Outward expression of genes
On blood cells serologically demonstrable antigens constitute phenotype
Prozone
Incomplete lattice formation caused by excess antibody compared to antigen, causes false negs
Xeno-
Prefix indicating different species
