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IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (Viral infections) > Flashcards

SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (Viral infections) Flashcards

memorization

1
Q

Other name of Hepatitis A:

A

Infectious Hepatitis

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2
Q

MOT of Hepatitis A:

A

Fecal oral
Ingestion of contaminated food/water

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3
Q

what family does Hepatitis A (HAV) belong?

A

Picornaviridae (RNA)

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4
Q

Incubation of HAV:

A

15-45 days (short incubation hepatitis)

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5
Q

Other name of Hepatitis B:

A

Serum Hepatitis

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6
Q

MOT of HBV:

A

Sex
Blood transfusion
Transplacental
Sharing of needles

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7
Q

What family does HBV belong to?

A

Hepadnaviridae (DNA virus/the only DNA virus)

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8
Q

Incubation of HBV:

A

45-160 days (Long incubation hepatitis)

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9
Q

Other name of Hepatitis C

A

Post transfusion hepatitis
Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis

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10
Q

MOT of Hepatitis C

A

same as HBV

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11
Q

What family does HCV belong to?

A

Flaviviridae

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12
Q

What family does Hepatitis E belong to?

A

Calciviridae

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13
Q

HAV antibodies:

A
  1. IgM Anti-HAV
    - marker of acute hepatitis
    - indicates recent infection
  2. IgG Anti-HAV
    - indicates immunity to HAV, results from infection or immunization
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14
Q

Serologic marker of Hepa B; represents the outer lipoprotein coat (envelope) of hepatitis B virus; indicates ACUTE INFECTION AND INFECTIVITY; First marker to appear, indicates active infection either acute or chronic

A

HbsAg

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15
Q

HbsAg is also known as:

A

Australia Ag

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16
Q

Indicates past infection with immunity or immune response to HBV vaccine; it is a marker of immunity and recovery

A

Anti-HBs

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17
Q

Antibody produced against the core of HBV; Important marker during the window period (only serological marker detected in window period)

A

Anti-HBc

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18
Q

Hepatitis B related antigen; associated to the core of HBV (circulating form of the core); a marker for ACTIVE VIRAL REPLICATION AND HIGH INFECTIVITY OF SERUM

A

HbeAg

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19
Q

Suggests lower titer of HBV; first serologic evidence of convalescence phase (first marker for recovery)

A

Anti-Hbe

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20
Q

Most sensitive test for the detection of HBV; detected by PCR (molecular)

A

HBV-DNA

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21
Q

Third-generation tests for HBV:

A
  1. RIA (Radioimmunoassay) (most sensitive serological test)
  2. Reverse passive hemagglutination
  3. ELISA (second most sensitive)
  4. Reverse passive latex agglutination
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22
Q

Second-generation tests for HBV:

A
  1. Counterelectrophoresis
  2. Complement fixation
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23
Q

First-generation test for HBV:

A

Ouchterlony double diffusion

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24
Q

Interpret:

HBsAg - negative
Anti-HBc - negative
Anti-HBs - negative

A

Susceptible to infection

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25
Q

Interpret:

HBsAg - negative
Anti-HBc - positive
Anti-HBs - positive

A

Immune because of natural infection

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26
Q

Interpret:

HBsAg - negative
Anti-HBc - negative
Anti-HBs - positive

A
  • Immune because of natural vaccination
  • Acutely infected
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27
Q

Interpret:

HBsAg - positive
Anti-HBc - positive
IgM anti-HBc - negative
Anti-HBs - negative

A

Chronically infected

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28
Q

Interpret:

HBsAg - negative
Anti-HBc - positive
Anti-HBs - negative

A

Four interpretations possible

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29
Q

Serologic marker for Hepatitis C virus that is generally used to diagnose Hepatitis C infections:

A

Anti-HCV

30
Q

Serologic marker for Hepatitis C used in monitoring response to antiviral therapy; AKA viral load

A

HCV-RNA

31
Q

An RNA virus, almost identical to a viral agent called GB virus type C (GBV-C)

A

Hepatitis G virus

32
Q

Prevalence patterns of GBV-C/HGV suggest that the virus is transmitted sexually.

true or false

A

true

33
Q

MOT of HGV:

A

Bloodborne (transfusion, IV abusers)

34
Q

Epstein-Barr virus is characterized by the presence of _____ cells in the PBS:

A

Downey cells (reactive T-lymphocytes)

35
Q

MOT of EBV:

A
  1. Most common through saliva (kissing disease)
  2. Blood transfusion
  3. Transplacental
36
Q

EBV causes what diseases?

A
  1. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS (IM)
  2. Kissing disease - acute infectious disease of the mononuclear phagocyte system

Other diseases associated with EBV:
1. Burkitt’s lymphoma
2. Nasopharyngeal Ca
3. Neoplasm of thymus

37
Q

An EBV antigen produced by the infected B cells and can be found in the cytoplasm

A

Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA)

38
Q

EBV antibody that is usually detectable early in the course of infection, disappears within 2-4 months

a. Anti-VCA IgM
b. Anti-VCA IgG
c. Anti-VCA IgA
d. Anti-VCA IgE

A

a. Anti-VCA IgM

39
Q

EBV antibody that is usually detectable within 4-7 days after the onset of signs and symptoms and persists for an extended period perhaps lifelong

a. Anti-VCA IgM
b. Anti-VCA IgG
c. Anti-VCA IgA
d. Anti-VCA IgE

A

b. Anti-VCA IgG

40
Q

EBV antigen that is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the B cells; disappears in about 3 months:

A

Early Antigen-Diffuse (EA-D)

41
Q

Anti-EA-D of the IgG type is highly indicative of _____ infection

a. Acute
b. Chronic

A

Acute infection (Not IgM)

42
Q

EBV antigen that is found as a mass only in the cytoplasm:

A

Early Antigen-Restricted (EA-R)

43
Q

Anti-EA-R IgG appears transiently in the later, _______ phase

A

convalescent phase (recovery phase)

44
Q

EBV antigen found in the nucleus of all EBV-infected cells.

A

Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen (EBNA)

45
Q

Interpret

VCA IgM = (-)
VCA IgG = (-)
EA-D = (-)
EA-R = (-)
EBNA IgG = (-)
Heterophile = (-)

A

No previous exposure

46
Q

Interpret

VCA IgM = (+)
VCA IgG = (+)
EA-D = (+/-)
EA-R = (-)
EBNA IgG = (-)
Heterophile = (+)

A

Recent (acute) infection

47
Q

Interpret:

VCA IgM = (-)
VCA IgG = (+)
EA-D = (-)
EA-R = (-)
EBNA IgG = (+)
Heterophile = (-)

A

Past infection (convalescent period)

48
Q

Intepret:

VCA IgM = (+/-)
VCA IgG = (+)
EA-D = (+/-)
EA-R = (+/-)
EBNA IgG = (+)
Heterophile = (+/-)

A

Reactivation of latent infection

49
Q

Things to remember about heterophile antibodies in EBV infection:

A
  • IgM -cold agglutinins (Anti-i)
  • Also binds HORSE, SHEEP, BEEF, RBCS (heterophile)
  • Does not react with EBV
50
Q

Heterophile antibody tests:

A
  1. Paul-Bunnell test - Sheep RBCs agglutinate in the presence of heterophile abs
  2. Monospot test - Horse RBCs are use (Rapid slide agglutination method)
  3. DAVIDSON DIFFRENTIAL TEST
51
Q

Absorption patterns (Davidson Differential test)

Forsman heterophile Ab

Absorbed by Guniea Pig Kidney cells: (yes/no)
Absorbed by beef erythrocytes: (yes/no)

Agglutination with SHEEP RBC after absorption:
GPKC: (yes/no)
Beef erythrocytes: (yes/no)

A

Absorption patterns (Davidson Differential test)

Forsman heterophile Ab

Absorbed by Guniea Pig Kidney cells: YES
Absorbed by beef erythrocytes: NO

Agglutination with SHEEP RBC after absorption:
GPKC: NO
Beef erythrocytes: YES

52
Q

Absorption patterns (Davidson Differential test)

Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) heterophile Ab

Absorbed by Guniea Pig Kidney cells: (yes/no)
Absorbed by beef erythrocytes: (yes/no)

Agglutination with SHEEP RBC after absorption:
GPKC: (yes/no)
Beef erythrocytes: (yes/no)

A

Absorption patterns (Davidson Differential test)

Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) heterophile Ab

Absorbed by Guniea Pig Kidney cells: NO
Absorbed by beef erythrocytes: YES

Agglutination with SHEEP RBC after absorption:
GPKC: YES
Beef erythrocytes: NO

53
Q

Absorption patterns (Davidson Differential test)

SERUM SICKNESS heterophile Ab

Absorbed by Guniea Pig Kidney cells: (yes/no)
Absorbed by beef erythrocytes: (yes/no)

Agglutination with SHEEP RBC after absorption:
GPKC: (yes/no)
Beef erythrocytes: (yes/no)

A

Absorption patterns (Davidson Differential test)

SERUM SICKNESS heterophile Ab

Absorbed by Guniea Pig Kidney cells: YES
Absorbed by beef erythrocytes: YES

Agglutination with SHEEP RBC after absorption:
GPKC: NO
Beef erythrocytes: NO

54
Q

The most common cause of congenital infections

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

55
Q

The most important infectious agent associated with organ transplantation

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

56
Q

Laboratory diagnosis for congenital CMV infection

A

Virus isolation from neonatal urine or saliva within 3 weeks postpartum

57
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of CMV infection through traditional methods:

A

Involves observing characteristic cytopathic effects (CPE) in human fibroblast cell lines inoculated with CMV-infected specimens

58
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of CMV in immunocompromised patients:

A

Amplification of CMV DNA by PCR

59
Q

Dengue virus is carried by what species of mosquitoes?

A

Aedes aegypti

60
Q

How many serotypes does Dengue virus have?

A

4 (DEN-1,2,3,4)

61
Q

Gold standard for diagnosing dengue infection:

A

Virus Isolation

62
Q

How many days does it take for the virus to replicate in tissue cell culture or laboratory mosquitoes?

A

Takes at least 6-10 days for the virus to replicate

63
Q

Molecular detection of dengue genomic RNA

A

RT PCR (reverse transcriptase PCR)

64
Q

Rapid Dengue Immunochromatographic Test detects what immunoglobulin?

A

IgM

65
Q

______ is a highly conserved glycoprotein, which appears essential for virus viability; non-structural protein 1 of the dengue virus

A

NS1 (detected by Dengue NS-1 Test)

66
Q

Method of choice to detect T. gondii DNA in CSF

A

PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)

67
Q

Method of choice in detecting antibodies since it is more sensitive and easier to perform for toxoplasma

A

Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)

EIAs can detect IgM, IgG, and IgA

68
Q

Elevations of these immunoglobulins are used to screen toxoplasmosis early in pregnant women:

A

IgM and IgA

69
Q

What immunoglobulin can Immunofluorescent assay for toxoplasma?

A

IgG only

70
Q

Considered the gold standard for diagnosing toxoplasma

A

Sabin-Feldman Dye Test - measures IgG primarily

IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (25 decks)

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