HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 1

Who demonstrated that protection from smallpox could be generated by transferring pustular material from a cowpox lesion?

Answer 1

Dr. Edward Jenner

Question 2

Discovered the therapeutic vaccination; First report of live “attenuated” vaccine for rabies

Answer 2

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

Attenuated vaccines by Louis Pasteur;

Answer 3

1. Cholera
2. Anthrax
3. Rabies

Mnemonic: “CAR”

Question 4

Demonstrated that cells could ingest foreign material, now classified phagocytes

Answer 4

Elie Metchnikoff

Question 5

Who discovered the complement system?

Answer 5

Jules Bordet

Question 6

Who discovered the precipitins?

Answer 6

Robert Kaus

Question 7

___________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for his 1978 discovery of the genetic principles underlying the generation of antibodies with different specificities (Antibody diversity).

Answer 7

Susumu Tonegawa

Question 8

When was the T cell receptor gene discovered?

Answer 8

1984

Question 9

___________ studied the human blood group antigens and published a book titled “Specificity of Serologic Reactions”

Answer 9

Karl Landsteiner

Question 10

Who were the scientists that demonstrated the structure of antibodies?

Answer 10

Gerald Edelman and Rodney Porter

Question 11

___________ demonstrated immunoregulation

Answer 11

Niels Jerne

Question 12

______________ together with ________________ were awarded the Nobel Prize because of their work on HIV

Answer 12

Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier

Question 13

Chinese practiced __________.

Answer 13

Variolation - inhalation of pulverized smallpox lesion crusts
aka insufflation.

Question 14

Edward Jenner was able to demonstrate _____________.

Answer 14

Cross immunity

Question 15

Vaccinia causes __________.

Answer 15

Cowpox

Question 16

Variola major causes ____________.

Answer 16

smallpox

Note:
Variola minor - Alastrim (mild smallpox)

Question 17

1st blood transfusion was performed on ____________.

Answer 17

Pope Innocent VII

Question 18

When did Braxton and Hicks recommend the use of the anticoagulant Sodium phosphate?

Answer 18

1869

Question 19

When was Na citrate used as an anticoagulant?

Answer 19

1914

Question 20

Dr. Charles Drew was appointed director (first director) of _____________________.

Answer 20

American Red Cross Blood Bank

Question 21

Loutit and Mollison introduced a solution that acts as both anticoagulant and preservative ________.

Answer 21

ACD (acid citrate dextrose)

Question 22

When did Loutit and Mollison introduce ACD?

Answer 22

1943

Question 23

Gibson introduced the anticoagulant/preservative ____________.

Answer 23

CPD (Citrate phosphate dextrose)

Question 24

When did Gibson introduce CPD?

Answer 24

1957

Question 25

A cook who was a carrier of Salmonella typhi infected people hence the name “Typhoid Mary”

Answer 25

Mary Mallon

Question 26

Who developed the gel test?

Answer 26

Yves Lapierre

Question 27

When did Yves Lapierre develop the gel test?

Answer 27

1985