ANTIGENS Flashcards
memorization
A substance that reacts with an antibody:
Antigens
Parts of an antigen:
- Hapten
- Schlepper molecule
Part of antigen; nonimmunogenic; antigenic; incomplete Ag
Hapten
Part of antigen; AKA Carrier molecule; immunogenic; couples with haptenic groups which will ocnfer new antigenic specificaties
Schlepper molecule
A substance that can induce an immune response
Immunogen
True or False
All immunogenic molecules are antigenic and all antigens are immunogens
False
All immunogenic molecules are antigenic, but NOT ALL ANTIGENS ARE IMMUNOGENS
True or False
The greater the difference between the substance and the host, the more potent its antigenic qualities are.
TRUE
A molecule should be at least ___ kD = ______ daltons for it to be immunogenic
A molecule should be at least 1 kD = 10000 daltons for it to be immunogenic
What is an example of a good chemical composition for a substance to be more immunogenic?
Proteins
Note: Proteins have high molecular weight therefore they are good immunogens
What is the common and best route for vaccine administration?
Subcutaneous/Intramuscular route
Note: Generally, the subcutaneous/intramuscular route is better than the intravenous or intragastric routes
Substance that can enhance the immune responses; an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine.
Adjuvants
Example of an adjuvant used in human vaccines:
Alum precipitate
Note: used to complex with the immunogen to increase its size and prevent a rapid escape from the tissue
An adjuvant obtained from shark’s oil (HIV vaccine development)
Squaline/ MF 59
An adjuvant that contains water in oil emulsion of killed MTB or B. pertussis, enhances cell-mediated immunity
Freund’s complete adjvant
Antigen from the same individual; an antigen that belongs to the host and is not capable of eliciting an immune response under normal circumstances.
Autoantigen
Antigen from different individual but same species; found in another member of the host’s species that is capable of eliciting an immune response in the host
Alloantigen
An antigen of a species different from that of the host, such as other animals, plants, or microorganisms
Heteroantigens
An antigen that exists in unrelated plants or animals but is either identical or closely related, so that antibody to one will cross-react with antibody to the other
Heterophile antigens
Tissue removed from one area of an individual’s body and reinroduced in another area of the same individual
Autograft
Graft that involves the transfer of tissue between two genetically identical members of the same species (twins)
Isograft/Syngraft (syngeneic graft)
The transfer of tissue from an individual of one species to an individual of another species, such as animal tissue transplanted to a human
Heterograft/Xenograft
Type of graft rejection that happens within minute, humoral, and the cause is preformed cytotoxic antibodies to donor antigens:
Hyperacute graft reejction
Note: B cell-mediated graft rejection
Type of graft rejection that happens within 2-5 days, cell-mediated, and the cause is previous sensitization to donor antigens
Accelerated graft rejection
Type of graft rejection that happens within 7-21 days, cell-mediated, and the cause is allogeneic reaction to donor antigens
Acute graft rejection
