ANTIGENS

Question 1

A substance that reacts with an antibody:

Answer 1

Antigens

Question 2

Parts of an antigen:

Answer 2

1. Hapten
2. Schlepper molecule

Question 3

Part of antigen; nonimmunogenic; antigenic; incomplete Ag

Answer 3

Hapten

Question 4

Part of antigen; AKA Carrier molecule; immunogenic; couples with haptenic groups which will ocnfer new antigenic specificaties

Answer 4

Schlepper molecule

Question 5

A substance that can induce an immune response

Answer 5

Immunogen

Question 6

True or False

All immunogenic molecules are antigenic and all antigens are immunogens

Answer 6

False

All immunogenic molecules are antigenic, but NOT ALL ANTIGENS ARE IMMUNOGENS

Question 7

True or False

The greater the difference between the substance and the host, the more potent its antigenic qualities are.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

A molecule should be at least ___ kD = ______ daltons for it to be immunogenic

Answer 8

A molecule should be at least 1 kD = 10000 daltons for it to be immunogenic

Question 9

What is an example of a good chemical composition for a substance to be more immunogenic?

Answer 9

Proteins

Note: Proteins have high molecular weight therefore they are good immunogens

Question 10

What is the common and best route for vaccine administration?

Answer 10

Subcutaneous/Intramuscular route

Note: Generally, the subcutaneous/intramuscular route is better than the intravenous or intragastric routes

Question 11

Substance that can enhance the immune responses; an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine.

Answer 11

Adjuvants

Question 12

Example of an adjuvant used in human vaccines:

Answer 12

Alum precipitate

Note: used to complex with the immunogen to increase its size and prevent a rapid escape from the tissue

Question 13

An adjuvant obtained from shark’s oil (HIV vaccine development)

Answer 13

Squaline/ MF 59

Question 14

An adjuvant that contains water in oil emulsion of killed MTB or B. pertussis, enhances cell-mediated immunity

Answer 14

Freund’s complete adjvant

Question 15

Antigen from the same individual; an antigen that belongs to the host and is not capable of eliciting an immune response under normal circumstances.

Answer 15

Autoantigen

Question 16

Antigen from different individual but same species; found in another member of the host’s species that is capable of eliciting an immune response in the host

Answer 16

Alloantigen

Question 17

An antigen of a species different from that of the host, such as other animals, plants, or microorganisms

Answer 17

Heteroantigens

Question 18

An antigen that exists in unrelated plants or animals but is either identical or closely related, so that antibody to one will cross-react with antibody to the other

Answer 18

Heterophile antigens

Question 19

Tissue removed from one area of an individual’s body and reinroduced in another area of the same individual

Answer 19

Autograft

Question 20

Graft that involves the transfer of tissue between two genetically identical members of the same species (twins)

Answer 20

Isograft/Syngraft (syngeneic graft)

Question 21

The transfer of tissue from an individual of one species to an individual of another species, such as animal tissue transplanted to a human

Answer 21

Heterograft/Xenograft

Question 22

Type of graft rejection that happens within minute, humoral, and the cause is preformed cytotoxic antibodies to donor antigens:

Answer 22

Hyperacute graft reejction

Note: B cell-mediated graft rejection

Question 23

Type of graft rejection that happens within 2-5 days, cell-mediated, and the cause is previous sensitization to donor antigens

Answer 23

Accelerated graft rejection

Question 24

Type of graft rejection that happens within 7-21 days, cell-mediated, and the cause is allogeneic reaction to donor antigens

Answer 24

Acute graft rejection

Question 25

Type of graft rejection that happens within >3months, cell-mediated, and the cause is disturbance of host vs graft tolerance

Answer 25

Chronic graft rejection

Question 26

Most immunogenic tissue/organ

Answer 26

Bone marrow

Question 27

Least immunogenic tissue/organ

Answer 27

Cornea