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IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > LYMPHOID SYSTEM > Flashcards

LYMPHOID SYSTEM Flashcards

memorization

1
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A
  1. Bone marrow
  2. Thymus
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2
Q

Source of progenitor cells (hematopoiesis); site of B cell maturation

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

Site of T-cell maturation:

A

Thymus

Note: Progenitor cells that migrate to the thymus proliferate and differentiate under the influence of thymosin

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4
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs:

A
  1. Lymph nodes
  2. Spleen
  3. MALT
  4. Cutaneous immune system (epidermis, dermis)
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5
Q

Secondary lymphoid organ that traps subcutaneous antigens:

A

Lymph nodes

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6
Q

Secondary lymphoid organ that is made up of red and white pulp where most lymphoid tissue is located; traps intravenous antigens:

A

Spleen

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7
Q

Which part of the lymph nodes does B-cells proliferate?

A

Cortex

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8
Q

Which part of the lymph nods does T-cells proliferate?

A

Paracortex

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9
Q

Macrophages proliferate in the _____ part of the lymph nodes

A

medullary/medulla

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10
Q

Only mature WBC that can still undergo mitosis (clonal expansion):

A

Lymphocyte

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11
Q

What part of the spleen does T-cells proliferate?

A

Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)

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12
Q

What part of the spleen does B-cells proliferate?

A

Follicular area

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13
Q

What part of the spleen does macrophages proliferate?

A

Marginal zone

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14
Q

MALT stands for:

A

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

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15
Q

Examples of MALT:

A

Peyer’s patches - small intestines
Tonsils
Appendix

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16
Q

A type of dendritic cell that is present in the epidermis:

A

Langerhans cells - a special class of APC and a type of dendritic cell

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17
Q

Products produced by B cells:

A

Antibodies

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18
Q

Products produced by T cells:

A

Cytokines/lymphokines

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19
Q

CD markers present in B cells:

A

CD 19
CD 20
CD 21
CD 40

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20
Q

CD marker of B cell that functions as PANMAKER:

A

CD 19

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21
Q

CD marker of B cell that functions as ion channels:

A

CD 20

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22
Q

CD marker of B cell that functions as C3d receptor:

A

CD 21

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23
Q

CD marker of B cell that functions as the receptor of Epstein-Barre Virus (EBV):

A

CD 21

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24
Q

CD marker of B cell that functions as B cell isotype switching and memory formation

A

CD 40

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25
Q

CD markers present in T cells:

A

CD 2
CD 3
CD 4
CD 7
CD 8

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26
Q

Classic T-cell marker, sheep RBC receptor:

A

CD 2

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27
Q

CD marker part of the TCR complex:

A

CD 3

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28
Q

Coreceptor of MHC class II:

A

CD 4

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29
Q

Coreceptor of MHC class I:

A

CD 8

30
Q

Identification method for B cells:

A

Surface immunoglobulins

31
Q

Identification method for T cells:

A

Rosette formation with sheep RBC

32
Q

A technique to separate lymphocytes from whole blood:

A

FICOLL-HYPAQUE CENTRIFUGATION

33
Q

Ficoll-Hypaque has a specific gravity between:

A

1.077 - 1.114

34
Q

What type of blood specimen should be utilized in Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation?

A

Diluted defibrinated or heparinized blood or ACD blood

35
Q

The gold standard test for the identification of lymphocytes

A

FLOW CYTOMETRY with light scatter
- It is coupled with the detection of surface markers (proteins) using FLUORESCENT LABELED ANTIBODIES

36
Q

T cell antigens (CD markers) detected by immunofluorescence:

A

CD 2
CD 3
CD 4
CD 7
CD 8

37
Q

B cell antigens (CD markers) detected by immunofluorescence:

A

CD 19
CD 20
CD 22

38
Q

Cheapest manual lymphocyte identification technique:

A

Rosette techniques
(E-rosette assay)
(Erythrocyte-Ab-Complement Rosette)

39
Q

E-rosette assay test mechanism:

A

Sheep cells attach to the CD2 antigen, found only on T cells

40
Q

The Erythrocyte-Ab-Complement technique is a manual lymphocyte technique for the identification of:

A

B cells

Note: B cells have C3 receptor which is why it involves the use of antibodies and complement

41
Q

T lymphocytes represent approximately ____% of the circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.

A

80%

42
Q

Surface marker of subtype Tc

A

CD 8

43
Q

Function of subtype Tc

A

Destroys virally infected and tumor cells through secretion of perforins and granzymes

44
Q

Surface marker of subtype Th

A

CD 4

45
Q

Th subset that helps B cell to become a Plasma cell:

A

Th 2

46
Q

Th subset that enhances the activity of cytotoxic cells and activates macrophages:

A

Th 1

47
Q

Surface marker of subtype Ts:

A

CD 8

48
Q

Function of subtype Ts:

A

Limit immune reactions

49
Q

Surface marker of subtype Tm:

A

CD8 & CD4

50
Q

Function of subtype Tm:

A

Circulate in immunosurveillance and anamnestic response

51
Q

These are substances that promote cell division:

A

Mitogens

52
Q

Enumerate T cell mitogens:

A
  • Concanavillin A
  • Phytohemagglutinin
  • Pokeweed mitogen
53
Q

Enumerate B cell mitogens:

A
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • Pokeweed mitogen
54
Q

Helper T (Th) cells approximately represents _____% of lymphocytes in the blood:

A

50-60%

55
Q

Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells approximately represents ______% of lymphocytes in the blood

A

20-25%

56
Q

Natural Killer cells approximately represents ____% of lymphocytes in the blood

A

~ 10%

57
Q

B cells approximately represents _____% of lymphocytes in the blood

A

10-15%

58
Q

Normal CD4 count:

A

500 - 1200/uL

59
Q

CD4+ cells to CD8+ cells ratio:

A

2:1

60
Q

Ratio of CD4+ cells to CD8+ cells in HIV:

A

1:2 to 0.5:1

61
Q

CD4+ cell count in AIDS:

A

<200/uL

62
Q

In the cortex of the thymus, immature T cells represent _____%

A

85%

63
Q

In the medulla of the thymus, mature T cells represent ____%

A

15%

64
Q

(Maturation of T lymphocytes in the thymus)
Expression of the classical T-cell marker; Early thymocytes lack CD4 and CD8 markers, which are important to their later function; hence, they are known as:

A

Double Negative (DN) thymocytes

65
Q

(Maturation of T lymphocytes in the thymus)
Expression of both CD4 and CD, making them:

A

Double Positive (DP) thymocytes

66
Q

Presence of CD 19 and CD45R; Rearrange of genes coding for heavy chains at chromosome 14:

A

Pro-B cell

67
Q

Synthesize IgM heavy chains (u chains) confined to the cytoplasm; Light chain gene rearrangement:

A

Pre-B cell

68
Q

kappa = chromosome ___
lambda = chromosome ___

A

kappa = chromosome 2
lambda = chromosome 22

69
Q

Decreased cytoplasmic IgM; surface IgM present on the cell surface; CD 19, 20, and 21 positive

A

Naive B cell

70
Q

Presence of surface IgM and IgD

A

Mature B cell

71
Q

Antibody producing cells, derived from B cells which are exposed to various ILs and antigenic stimulation:

A

Plasma cell

IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (25 decks)

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