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GCSE Chemistry > Separation of Mixtures > Flashcards

Separation of Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance made upof one type of atom

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2
Q

What is a compound?

A

2 or more different elements chemically bonded

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3
Q

What is a mixture?

A

2 or more substances that aren’t chemically bonded

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4
Q

What is a molecule?

A

2 or more non metal elements chemically bonded

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5
Q

Is a molecule a compound?

A

Yes - it is a type of compound

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6
Q

What is a solute?

A

A solid that can be dissolved in a solvent

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7
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A liquid that a solute dissolves in

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8
Q

What is mean by the term insoluble?

A

Something that can’t be dissolved

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9
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solute dissolved in a solvent

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10
Q

What is ment by the term miscible?

A

Two liquids that can mix together

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11
Q

What are immiscible liquids?

A

Liquids that can’t mix together

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12
Q

What is a common example of immiscible substances?

A

Oil and water

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13
Q

Why are immiscible substances immiscible?

A

Because the liquids have different densities meaning that the light one will be above

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14
Q

What is meant by the term solubility?

A

How much of a solute can dissolve in a fixed volume of a solvent

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15
Q

What can filtration be used for?

A

Separating an insoluble solid and a liquid from each other

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16
Q

What apparatus is used in filtration?

A

Using filter paper, a funnel and a conical flask

17
Q

What is the name of the liquid left after filtration?

A

The filtrate

18
Q

What is the name of the solid left after filtration?

A

The residue

19
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance with no impurities (eg. a diamond without an Crystallographic defects)

20
Q

How would you separate a soluble solid from an insoluble solid?

A

Mix everything in water, then use filtration and the evaporation

21
Q

How could you separate two miscible liquids?

A

Distillation

22
Q

What is the differerence between simple and fractional distillation?

A

Simple is used for substances with large differences between their boiling points, while fractional is used for close differences between their boiling points

23
Q

How does simple distillation work?

A

Two miscible substances are put in distillation flask and a bunsen burner is placed underneath. As the liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates, it goes into a condenser that cool the vapor back down into liquid. The condenser is kept cool with constantly flowing cold water.

24
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A

It works similarly to simple distillation, but the liquids go through a fractional column before the condenser. The fractional column allows the liquid vapor to evaporate and then recondense, and this happens until it makes it all the way through the column, and into the condenser.

25
Q

What is chromatography?

A

A separation technique to separate different pigments in ink

26
Q

What is the retention factor?

A

The distance travelled by the spot relativ eot the solvent

27
Q

What is the formula for the retention factor?

A

distance travelled by pigment/distance travelled by solvent

GCSE Chemistry (3 decks)

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