Separation of Mixtures Flashcards
What is an element?
A pure substance made upof one type of atom
What is a compound?
2 or more different elements chemically bonded
What is a mixture?
2 or more substances that aren’t chemically bonded
What is a molecule?
2 or more non metal elements chemically bonded
Is a molecule a compound?
Yes - it is a type of compound
What is a solute?
A solid that can be dissolved in a solvent
What is a solvent?
A liquid that a solute dissolves in
What is mean by the term insoluble?
Something that can’t be dissolved
What is a solution?
A solute dissolved in a solvent
What is ment by the term miscible?
Two liquids that can mix together
What are immiscible liquids?
Liquids that can’t mix together
What is a common example of immiscible substances?
Oil and water
Why are immiscible substances immiscible?
Because the liquids have different densities meaning that the light one will be above
What is meant by the term solubility?
How much of a solute can dissolve in a fixed volume of a solvent
What can filtration be used for?
Separating an insoluble solid and a liquid from each other
What apparatus is used in filtration?
Using filter paper, a funnel and a conical flask
What is the name of the liquid left after filtration?
The filtrate
What is the name of the solid left after filtration?
The residue
What is a pure substance?
A substance with no impurities (eg. a diamond without an Crystallographic defects)
How would you separate a soluble solid from an insoluble solid?
Mix everything in water, then use filtration and the evaporation
How could you separate two miscible liquids?
Distillation
What is the differerence between simple and fractional distillation?
Simple is used for substances with large differences between their boiling points, while fractional is used for close differences between their boiling points
How does simple distillation work?
Two miscible substances are put in distillation flask and a bunsen burner is placed underneath. As the liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates, it goes into a condenser that cool the vapor back down into liquid. The condenser is kept cool with constantly flowing cold water.
How does fractional distillation work?
It works similarly to simple distillation, but the liquids go through a fractional column before the condenser. The fractional column allows the liquid vapor to evaporate and then recondense, and this happens until it makes it all the way through the column, and into the condenser.
What is chromatography?
A separation technique to separate different pigments in ink
What is the retention factor?
The distance travelled by the spot relativ eot the solvent
What is the formula for the retention factor?
distance travelled by pigment/distance travelled by solvent
Which separation technique should you use for the following: Separating a magnetic solid from a non-magnetic solid?
Magnetic separation
Which separation technique should you use for the following: Filtering a solid from a liquid?
Filtration
Which separation technique should you use for the following: Distilling a liquid from a solution?
Distillation
Which separation technique should you use for the following: Separating immiscible liquids?
Decantation
Which separation technique should you use for the following: Evaporating a liquid from a solution
Evaporation
