Groups In The Periodic Table Flashcards
What are the names and symbols of all the metals in group 1?
Lithium Li
Sodium Na
Potassium K
Rubidium Rb
Caesium Cs
Francium Fr
What is the appearance of lithium
dark grey solid
What is the appearance of sodium
pale grey solid
What is the appearance of potassium
dark grey solid
What happens to lithium when freshly cut
shiny
What happens to sodium when freshly cut
shiny
What happens to potassium when freshly cut
shiny
How hard is lithium to cut
it can be cut but is a bit tough
How hard is sodium to cut
easier to cut than lithium
How hard is potassium to cut
easier to cut than sodium
Why are group 1 metals stored in oil
to stop them reacting with oxygen in the air
Order of hardness of lithium
sodium
Observations when lithium reacts with water
effervescence
Observations when sodium reacts with water
effervescence
Observations when potassium reacts with water
effervescence
Observation when gas from lithium reaction is tested with a lit splint
a squeaky pop is heard
Observation when gas from sodium reaction is tested with a lit splint
a squeaky pop is heard
Observation when gas from potassium reaction is tested with a lit splint
a squeaky pop is heard
General equation for Group 1 metal reaction with water
metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Word equation for lithium reaction with water
lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
Balanced symbol equation for lithium reaction with water
2Li(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2LiOH(aq) + H₂(g)
Word equation for sodium reaction with water
sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Balanced symbol equation for sodium reaction with water
2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)
Word equation for potassium reaction with water
potassium + water → potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
Balanced symbol equation for potassium reaction with water
2K(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H₂(g)
Order of reactivity of lithium
sodium
Trend in reactivity as you go down Group 1
reactivity increases
Reason for increased reactivity down Group 1
outer electron is further from the nucleus and more easily lost
Will rubidium and cesium be more reactive or less reactive than potassium
more reactive
Why are Group 1 metals called alkali metals
they form alkaline solutions in water
What does “homonuclear” mean?
Molecules with the same type of atom.
What does “diatomic” mean?
A molecule made up of two atoms.
What is the definition of a molecule?
Two or more non-metal atoms covalently bonded.
What is the appearance of fluorine at room temperature?
Yellow gas.
What is the appearance of chlorine at room temperature?
Green gas.
What is the appearance of bromine at room temperature?
Brown liquid.
What is the appearance of iodine at room temperature?
Dark grey solid.
What is the predicted appearance of astatine?
Dark grey solid.
What is the trend in boiling points of halogens?
Boiling points increase as you go down the group.
Why do boiling points increase in halogens?
Molecules get larger
What is the trend in reactivity of halogens?
Reactivity decreases as you go down the group.
Why does reactivity decrease in halogens?
Electrons are further from the nucleus
What is the definition of a compound?
A substance with two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded.
What happens when chlorine reacts with iron wool?
Iron glows brightly and reacts vigorously.
What happens when bromine reacts with iron wool?
Iron glows and produces brown vapors
What happens when iodine reacts with iron wool?
Least vigorous reaction
What is the order of reactivity of halogens?
Chlorine > Bromine > Iodine.
Why does reactivity decrease down the halogen group?
The outer electron shell is further from the nucleus
What does the reaction between iron and chlorine produce?
Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃).
What does the reaction between iron and bromine produce?
Iron(III) bromide (FeBr₃).
What does the reaction between iron and iodine produce?
Iron(III) iodide (FeI₃).
What is the balanced equation for iron and chlorine?
2Fe(s) + 3Cl₂(g) → 2FeCl₃(s).
What is the balanced equation for iron and bromine?
2Fe(s) + 3Br₂(g) → 2FeBr₃(s).
What is the balanced equation for iron and iodine?
2Fe(s) + 3I₂(g) → 2FeI₃(s).
What happens when fluorine reacts with hydrogen?
Fluorine and hydrogen produce hydrogen fluoride.
What is the word equation for fluorine and hydrogen?
Hydrogen + Fluorine → Hydrogen fluoride.
What is the balanced equation for fluorine and hydrogen?
H₂(g) + F₂(g) → 2HF(g).
What does the dot-and-cross diagram for hydrogen fluoride look like?
Fluorine shares one pair of electrons with hydrogen in a single covalent bond.
How does fluorine’s reactivity compare to chlorine?
Fluorine is more reactive because it has fewer electron shells.
Why are Group 1 metals more reactive than Group 7 elements?
Group 1 elements lose electrons easily
What is the reactivity trend in Group 1 and Group 7?
Reactivity increases down Group 1 but decreases down Group 7.
Why does reactivity increase in Group 1?
The outer electron is further from the nucleus and is lost more easily.
Why does reactivity decrease in Group 7?
Increased distance from the nucleus makes it harder to attract electrons.
How does reactivity change down Groups 1 and 2?
Reactivity increases as you go down the groups.
Why does reactivity increase down Groups 1 and 2?
Outer electrons are further from the nucleus due to more electron shells
How does reactivity change down Group 7?
Reactivity decreases as you go down the group.
Why does reactivity decrease down Group 7?
The number of electron shells increases
What happens to the outer electron in Group 7 elements as you go down?
The outer electron is further from the nucleus and experiences weaker attraction
Where are the noble gases located on the periodic table?
In Group 0.
Why are noble gases unreactive?
They have full outer electron shells
Why are noble gases placed in Group 0 instead of Group 8?
Helium has only two electrons
What are the uses of helium?
Helium is used as a coolant
What are the uses of neon?
Neon is used in vacuum tubes and neon signs.
What are the uses of argon?
Argon is used in lightbulbs to prevent oxidation of the filament.
What are the uses of krypton?
Krypton is used in bright lights like airport runway lamps and lasers.
How does the reactivity of Group 0 change down the group?
Reactivity slightly increases as the atomic size increases
Why do noble gases not readily gain/lose/share electrons?
Their outer shells are full, making them stable and unreactive.
