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GCSE Chemistry > Acid & Bases Y9 > Flashcards

Acid & Bases Y9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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2
Q

What numbers do the pH scale range from?

A

0-14

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3
Q

What numbers on the pH scale are considered a strong acid?

A

0-3

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4
Q

What numbers on the pH scale are considered a weak acid?

A

4-6

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5
Q

What numbers on the pH scale are considered a weak alkali?

A

8-10

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6
Q

What numbers on the pH scale are considered a strong alkali?

A

11-14

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7
Q

What pH is neutral?

A

7

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8
Q

What pH is water?

A

7

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9
Q

Acids have a pH less than…

A

7

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10
Q

Bases have a pH more than…

A

7

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11
Q

What are acids?

A

Proton donors (lose their protons)

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12
Q

What are bases?

A

Proton acceptors (accept other protons)

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13
Q

What are some examples of acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid, Nitric Acid, Ethanol

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14
Q

What are some examples of bases?

A

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides

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15
Q

What are alkalis?

A

Bases that are dissolved in water

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16
Q

What are some examples of alkalis?

A

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide

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17
Q

What are some indicators that we can use? (List 5)

A

Red litmus paper
Blue litmus paper
Phenolphthalein solution
Methyl orange solution
Universal indicator solution

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18
Q

What colour does red litmus solution turn in hydrochloric acid?

A

Red

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19
Q

What colour does blue litmus solution turn in hydrochloric acid?

A

Red

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20
Q

What colour does phenolphthalein solution turn in hydrochloric acid?

A

Colourless

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21
Q

What colour does methyl orange solution turn in hydrochloric acid?

A

Red

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22
Q

What colour does universal indicator solution turn in hydrochloric acid?

A

Red

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23
Q

What colour does red litmus solution turn in a neutral solution (water)?

A

Red

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24
Q

What colour does blue litmus solution turn in a neutral solution (water)?

A

Blue/purple

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25
What colour does phenolphthalein solution turn in a neutral solution (water)?
Colourless
26
What colour does methyl orange solution turn in a neutral solution (water)?
Orange
27
What colour does universal indicator solution turn in a neutral solution (water)?
Green
28
What colour does red litmus solution turn in sodium hydroxide solution?
Blue
29
What colour does blue litmus solution turn in sodium hydroxide solution?
Blue
30
What colour does phenolphthalein solution turn in sodium hydroxide solution?
Bright pink
31
What colour does methyl orange solution turn in sodium hydroxide solution?
Yellow
32
What colour does universal indicator solution turn in sodium hydroxide solution?
Blue
33
When would it be more suitable to use a paper indicator instead of a liquid indicator?
When testing gases.
34
What colour does litmus turn in strongly acidic conditions?
Red
35
What colour does methyl orange turn in strongly acidic conditions?
Red
36
What colour does phenolphthalein turn in strongly acidic conditions?
Colourless
37
What colour does litmus turn in strongly alkaline conditions?
Blue
38
What colour does methyl orange turn in strongly alkaline conditions?
Yellow
39
What colour does phenolphthalein turn in strongly alkaline conditions?
Bright pink
40
What is the colour of thymol blue at low pH values?
Red
41
What is the colour of methyl red at low pH values?
Red
42
What is the colour of bromothymol blue at low pH values?
Yellow
43
What is the colour of phenolphthalein at low pH values?
Colourless
44
What is the pH range over which thymol blue changes colour?
1.0-3.0
45
What is the pH range over which methyl red changes colour?
4.0-6.0
46
What is the pH range over which bromothymol blue changes colour?
6.0-7.6
47
What is the pH range over which phenolphthalein changes colour?
8.2-10.0
48
What is the colour of thymol blue at high pH values?
Yellow
49
What is the colour of methyl red at high pH values?
Yellow
50
What is the colour of bromothymol blue at high pH values?
Blue
51
What is the colour of phenolphthalein at high pH values?
Pink
52
At pH 4 given that thymol blue is red: methyl red is red: bromothymol blue is yellow: and phenolphthalein is colourless what is the predicted colour of the mixed indicator?
Orange
53
At pH 5 given that thymol blue is red: methyl red is red: bromothymol blue is yellow: and phenolphthalein is colourless what is the predicted colour of the mixed indicator?
Orange
54
At pH 7 given that thymol blue is red: methyl red is yellow: bromothymol blue is blue: and phenolphthalein is colourless what is the predicted colour of the mixed indicator?
Green
55
At pH 8 given that thymol blue is red: methyl red is yellow: bromothymol blue is blue: and phenolphthalein is pink what is the predicted colour of the mixed indicator?
Blue
56
At pH 10 given that thymol blue is yellow: methyl red is yellow: bromothymol blue is blue: and phenolphthalein is pink what is the predicted colour of the mixed indicator?
Purple
57
What is neutralisation?
The reaction between and acid and a base, where both the acid and base are neutralised and water is formed
58
What is an acid in an aqueous solution a source of?
Hydrogen ions
59
What is an alkali in an aqueous solution a source of?
Hydroxide ions
60
How is ammonia an alkali?
It is a source of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
61
What is the ionic equation for neutralisation?
H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l).
62
Why are hydrogen ions sometimes referred to as a porotn?
Because it is only made of a proton and its electron has been lost
63
What can be observed when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Effervescence Tube becomes warm Magnesium gets smaller and disappears
64
What can be observed when copper oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Effervescence Turns green/turquoise (due to salt)
65
What can be observed when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?
The tube becomes warm No effervescence (no gas produced)
66
What can be observed when calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Effervescence Calcium carbonate disappears Positive test for limewater (turns cloudy)
67
Acid + metal →...
Salt + hydrogen
68
Acid + metal oxide →...
Salt + water
69
Acid + metal hydroxide →...
Salt + water
70
Acid + metal carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
71
What are basic oxides formed from?
Metal
72
What are acidic oxides formed from?
Non-metals
73
What are the general solubility rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water:
Common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble All nitrates are soluble Common chlorides are soluble, except for those of silver and lead(2) Common sulphates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead(2) Common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium Common hydroxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (but calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)

GCSE Chemistry (10 decks)

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