Organic Chemistry Part 1 Flashcards
What is crude oil formed from?
The decomposition of tiny creatures that lived in the sea more than 100 million years ago
What type of rocks are crude oil formed in?
Porous sedimentary rocks
What is crude oil (chemical terms)?
A mixture of hydrocarbons
What is a hydrocarbon made up of?
Only Hydrogen & Carbon
How can we separate crude oil into its products!
By using fractional distillation
What is crude oil classed as?
A fossil fuel
What is the name of most compounds in crude oil?
Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
What does saturated mean in the context of hydrocarbons?
They are only contain single covalent bonds
What is a homologous series?
A homologous series is a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula
What are the first 6 members of the alkane homologous series?
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
What is the chemical formula of methane?
CH₄
What is the chemical formula of ethane?
C₂H₆
What is the chemical formula of propane?
C₃H₈
What is the chemical formula of Butane?
C₄H₁₀
What is the chemical formula of pentane?
C₅H₁₂
What is the chemical formula of Hexane?
C₆H₁₄
What is the general formula for the homologous series of alkanes?
CnH2n + 2
What are the general rules that compounds in a homologous series have to follow?
- Have the same general formula
- Contain the sae functional group (this determines how the chemical reacts)
- Share similar chemical properties
- Follow a trend in physical properties
What is an isomer?
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different displayed formula
What does molecular formula show?
How many atoms of each element there are in a molecule
What does displayed formula show?
All the bonds between all of the atoms in a molecule
How many isomers are there for pentane?
3
How many isomers are there for hexane ?
5
