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Oral Radiology > Sensory Placement & Beam Positioning Problems > Flashcards

Sensory Placement & Beam Positioning Problems Flashcards

1
Q

PSP:

A

Phosphor storage plate

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2
Q

CCD:

A

Charge coupling device

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3
Q

CMOS:

A

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor

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4
Q

Shadow casting principles include:

A
  1. beam angulation
  2. receptor placement
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5
Q

Miscellaneous technique problems include:

A
  1. phalangioma
  2. movement
  3. sensor placement
  4. beam angulation - horizontal
  5. beam angulation - vertial
  6. PID/BID alignment
  7. sensor wire placement
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6
Q

Miscellaneous technique problems related ONLY to PSP & Film images:

A
  1. sensor bending
  2. sensor creasing
  3. double exposure
  4. reverse placement
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7
Q

Caused when patients finger is positioned infront of the sensor:

A

Phalangioma (look for finger bone)

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8
Q

Caused when patient or X-ray tube head moves during exposure:

A

Movement (causes blurry)

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9
Q

Lateral centered with open mesial contact:

A

Lateral incisor

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10
Q

Canine & 1st premolar centered with open contact:

A

Canine/premolar

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11
Q

Anterior receptor edge to middle of canine:

A

Maxillary/mandibular premolar

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12
Q

Anterior receptor edge to middle of 2nd premolar:

A

Maxillary/mandibular molar

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13
Q

For an anterior bitewing the anterior plate edge should be:

A

To middle of most anterior canine

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14
Q

For anterior bitewing, the receptor must be:

A

Parallel to the teeth of interest

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15
Q

For a vertical bitewing, the anterior receptor edge is at the:

A

mesial of mandibular first molar

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16
Q

Sensor placement is more critical with:

A

solid-state sensors

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17
Q

Why is sensor placement more critical with solid-state sensors?

A

there is a small active image capture area

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18
Q

What type of image is being shown?

A

Bitewing

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19
Q

What type of image is being shown?

A

Periapical image

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20
Q

For a maxillary premolar PA the receptor parallels _____ & ____ of premolars as well as the ______ of premolars

A

Buccal & lingual planes; long axis

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21
Q

Anterior edge of receptor includes distal 1/2 of canine, the premolars & some of molars:

A

Maxillary premolar PA

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22
Q

For a maxillary premolar PA, the horizontal angle is directed through:

A

distal of canine/premolar, premolar/premolar & the second premolar/molar contacts

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23
Q

distal of canine/premolar, premolar/premolar & the second premolar/molar contacts

This is the horizontal angle for:

A

maxillary premolar PA

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24
Q

For a maxillary molar PA, the receptor parallels ___ of molars as well as _____ of molars

A

Buccal & lingual planes; long axis

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25
Anterior edge of receptor includes distal 1/2 of second premolar and as much of the molars as possible:
Maxillary molar PA
26
For a maxillary molar PA, the horizontal angle is directed through:
distal of 2nd premolar/1st molar and the intermolar contacts
27
distal of 2nd premolar/1st molar and the intermolar contacts This is the horizontal angle for:
Maxillary molar PA
28
For a premolar bitewing the receptor parallels _____ of premolars as well as _____ of premolars
Buccal & lingual planes; long axis
29
Anterior edge of receptor include mesial 1/2 of canine, the premolars and some of the molars:
Premolar bitewing
30
For a premolar bitewing the horizontal angle is directed through:
distal of canine/premolar, premolars and 2nd premolar/1st molar contacts
31
distal of canine/premolar, premolars and 2nd premolar/1st molar contacts This is the horizontal angle for:
Premolar bitewing
32
Where should a cotton role be correctly placed /
Between bite block & opposing teeth (NOT bite block & imaged teeth)
33
What is the error seen in this image?
Cotton roll placement between bite block & imaged teeth
34
What may cause the absence of apical structures?
1. sensor not positioned over the apical area in the mouth 2. bite block not against occlusal/incisial edge 3. patient not biting down 4. insufficient vertical angulation paralleling
35
1. sensor not positioned over the apical area in the mouth 2. bite block not against occlusal/incisial edge 3. patient not biting down 4. insufficient vertical angulation paralleling These may result in:
absence of apical structures
36
A dropped film corner=
tipping
37
What is the cause of tipping/dropped film corner?
sensor not placed parallel with occlusal/incisal surface of teeth
38
What can be seen in this image?
Tipping
39
For correct horizontal angulation, the central tray should be directed:
between interproximal contacts of interest
40
For correct horizontal angulation, the central ray has to be projected:
Perpendicular to the sensor
41
What error is seen in this image?
Central ray is not projected perpendicular to sensor (Mesial to distal)
42
What error is seen in this image?
Central ray is not projected perpendicular to sensor (Distal to mesial)
43
Is the incorrect horizontal angulation a result of (mesial to distal) or (distal to mesial)?
Mesial to distal
44
Is the incorrect horizontal angulation a result of (mesial to distal) or (distal to mesial)?
Mesial to distal
45
Incorrect vertical angulation results in:
1. foreshortened images 2. elongated images
46
Excessive vertical angulation results in:
foreshortened
47
X-ray is perpendicular to the image receptor, but the object is NOT parallel with the image receptor- what may occur?
Foreshortening or elongation
48
What error can be seen in the following images?
Excessive vertical angulation- foreshortening
49
What error can be seen in the following images?
Excessive vertical angulation- foreshortening
50
What error can be seen in the following images?
Excessive vertical angulation- forshortening
51
What is the issue with foreshortened images?
With smaller active area, parts of image are missed
52
What error can be seen in the following images?
Excessive vertical angulation- foreshortening
53
What error can be seen in the following images?
Excessive vertical angulation- foreshortening
54
Caused by insufficient vertical angulation:
Elongated images
55
What error can be seen in the following image?
Insufficient vertical angulation - elongation
56
What error can be seen in the following image?
Insufficient vertical angulation- elongation
57
Cone cuts occur with & without:
sensor holder
58
PID not properly aligned with the sensor holding device from either incorrect XCP assembly or poor alignment of PID with XCP:
Cone cuts with sensor holder
59
What error can be seen in the following image?
PID alignment problem - cone cut with sensor holder
60
Cone cuts=
PID alignment problem
61
What is the cause of cone cuts without the sensor holder?
PID not directed at center of film
62
Label which is an error caused by the thyroid collar & which is the cone cut:
Left- thyroid collar Right- cone cut
63
What error can be seen in this image?
Sensor wire superimposition
64
Exposure problems include:
1. overexposed 2. underexposed 3. no exposure 4. sensor wire superimposition 5. post exposure
65
1. overexposed 2. underexposed 3. no exposure 4. sensor wire superimposition 5. post exposure Out of these problems which are less dramatic & why:
1,2, 3 because post-exposure image processing by the software immediately corrects large exposure discrepancies
66
What exposure error can be corrected by post-exposure imaging processesing software?
1. overexposure 2. underexposure 3. no exposure
67
What error can be seen in the following image?
Overexposure (think over= dark out bc clouds are over the sun)
68
A high density image is:
overexposed
69
What factors contribute to an overexposed, high density image?
1. increased time 2. increased mA 3. increased kV
70
What error can be seen in the image below?
Underexposure
71
What is the main cause of an underexposed image? What else can contribute
Main cause: insufficient exposure time kVp, mA, Excessive tube-receptor distance (related to inverse square law)
72
-insufficient time -insufficient mA -insufficient kVp These would result in what type of image?
Underexposed
73
Sensor wire superimposition can be considered a ____ problem
exposure
74
What error can be seen in the following image?
Post exposure image processing error- calibration files
75
What error can be seen in the following image?
Post exposure image processing error- (+gain, gamma, -gain)
76
What error can be seen in the following image?
Post exposure image processing error- (+gain, gamma, -gain)
77
The main patient preparation problem:
failure to remove a non-fixed item from patient that may be in path of the primary X-ray beam
78
What error can be seen in the following image?
patient has glasses on
79
T/F: not removing jewelry risks masking disease
True
80

Oral Radiology (21 decks)

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