Ionizing Radiation (Lec 2) Flashcards
Describe the atom & the three main particles that make up the atom:
Atom is the basic unit of matter (matter is anything that has mass & occupies a space)
Include: protons, neutrons & electrons
Define atomic number (3):
Atomic number (Z)
-number of protons
-same as number of electrons in a neutral atom
-determines the identity in a neutral atom
Define mass number (2):
Mass number (A)
-number of protons + neutrons
-weight of nucleus
Number of protons + neutrons:
mass number (A)
Label what each of the arrows is representing:
4: mass number (A)
2: atomic number (Z)
He: element symbol
Explain electron configuration:
Electrons organized into shells around the nucleus
Electron configuration:
Within a given atom, inner shell electrons are more:
Tightly bound
Electron configuration:
The closer the electron is to the nucleus:
The more attracted it is to the nucleus
Electron configuration:
What shell has the highest binding energy?
K shell
Electron configuration:
The binding energy needed to remove an electron is equal to:
The binding energy of K
Electron configuration:
What shell has a “middle” binding energy?
What shell has the lowest binding energy?
L shell
M shell
Explain binding energy:
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from its shell
What is binding energy measured in?
Electron Volts (eV)
Binding energy is closely related to:
Atomic number
Binding energy is closely related to atomic number, explain:
High Z –>
Low Z –>
High Z –> High binding energy (more protons, electrons are more tightly bound/harder to remove)
Low Z –> Lower binding energy (less protons, electrongs are less tightly bound/easier to remove)
Explain the process of ionization:
Process of forming a positive and negative ion by removal of an electron from a neutral atom
To ionize an atom, we need ______ to overcome _____ and free the ______
Sufficient external energy; electrostatic forces; electron
For the process of ionization, the amount of external energy to overcome the electrostatic forces to free the electron needs to be:
the same binding energy or more
Explains the propagation of radiation in form of waves:
Waves theory
What radiation theory involves “no mass, no charge” :
Waves theory
Movement of energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields:
Electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic radiation can be _____ or _____
Ionizing or non-ionizing
Explains the interaction of radiation within the matter:
Quantum (particulate) theory
Considers radiation as small discrete bundles of energy called photons:
Quantum (particulate) theory
A small discrete bundle of energy:
Photon
In what theory does each photon have energy (eV), mass, and travels in a straight line at the speed of light:
Quantum (particulate) theory
In the quantum (particulate) theory, describe the properties of each photon: (3)
- has energy (eV)
- has mass
- travels in straight lines at the speed of light
List examples of particulate radiation (Quantum theory):
Alpha
Beta + (positron)
Beta - (electron)
Electron
Neutron
Proton