Caries interpretation Flashcards
One of the most prevalent human diseases:
dental caries
What date did decreasing prevalence of dental caries finally occur?
1980s
Dental caries is considered a disease of:
civilized societies
Dental caries are associated with:
highly refined sugar & retentive food diets that remains prevalent in lower socio-economic groups
Dental caries is the greatest cause for:
tooth loss in individuals age 35 & younger
Explain the pathophysiology of dental caries:
related to bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces & plaque formation
Plaque is composed of _______ with _____ that attach to tooth surfaces
polysccharides/enzyme matrix; bacterial colonies
Bacteria metabolize _______ producing acid byproducts that lower pH below ____ to decalcify teeth
dietary carbohydrates; 5.5 threshold
The predisposing factors of dental caries include: (5)
- bacteria
- diet
- plaque retention
- OH compliance
- saliva
Discuss bacteria as a predisposing factor of dental caries:
bacteria varies and is dependent on host
What are three common types of bacteria that are considered predisposing factors to caries?
- lactobacillus casei
- streptococcus mutans
- actinomyces viscosus
What component of a diet may be a predisposing factor for dental caries?
glucose
Discuss how saliva may be a predisposing factor to dental caries:
varies based on concentrations of salivary glycoproteins and immunoglobulins
Dental caries signs range from:
slight demineralization to gross coronal decay
How would you describe this image?
Slight demineralization
How would you describe this image?
Gross coronal decay
Dental signs of caries: Defects appear as violations of: (2)
- smooth surfaces, usually at inaccessible areas
- pit & fissure of occlusal & occasional proximal surfaces
Dental caries are:
- easy to:
- not so easy to:
- harder to:
- diagnose
- stage
- treatment plan
What type of radiographs are preferred to diagnose interproximal caries?
Horizontal Bitewing (standard)
What type of radiograph is seen in the following image?
Horizontal bitewing
Does the following image show correct or incorrect angulation for a bitewing?
Correct
Does the following image show correct or incorrect angulation for a bitewing?
Incorrect
Does the following image show correct or incorrect angulation for a bitewing?
Correct
Does the following image show correct or incorrect angulation for a bitewing?
Incorrect
What type of radiography is helpful for caries detection if XCP technique is used to minimize linear distortion in the vertical dimension?
Periapical radiography
When performing periapical radiography for caries detection, what technique must be used to minimized linear distortion in the vertical dimension?
XCP technique
When performing periapical radiography for caries detection, the XCP technique is used to minimize:
linear distortion in the vertical dimension
When performing periapical radiography, __________ must project non-overlapped contacts
horizontal angulation
What must be correct in order to have NON-overlapping contacts?
Horizontal angulation
What type of radiographs are seen in the following image?
Periapical radiographs
Detect the caries in the following image:
What type of radiographs are seen in the following image?
Periapical radiographs
Detect the caries in the following image:
What type of radiographs are considered “not as useful” due to technique problems from bending the film and difficulty placing film to open contacts?
Vertical bitewings
Why are vertical bitewing radiographs considered “not as useful” to evaluate caries?
- technique problems from building the film
- difficulty placing film to open contacts
What type of radiographs are seen in the following images?
Vertical bitewings
What type of radiographs are seen in the following images?
Vertical bitewings
What type of radiographs are seen in the following images?
Vertical bitewings
Factors affecting caries presentation include: (9)
- angle of the X-ray beam
- placement of the image receptor
- location of the proximal carious lesion
- degree of hypomineralization
- exposure factors
- degree of cavitation
- ambient light intensity
- monitor contrast resolution calibration
- selection of postprocessing algorithms on digital images
A factor affecting caries presentation is the location of the proximal carious lesion, explain what this means:
if caries is exactly cervical to the contact or slightly buccal/lingual
A factor affecting caries presentation is the exposure factors, such as:
Low kV vs. High kV
Factors affecting the perception of digital display include:
- monitor resolution
- monitor luminescence
- background lighting affect
T/F: Standard commercial grade desktop monitors have been shown to be superior for diagnostic medial radiography
False- they have been shown to be INFERIOR for diagnostic medical radiography
The caries classification used at UMKC include: (6)
- IC- initial caries
- MC- moderate caries
- AC- advanced caries
- RSC- root surface caries
- RC- recurrent caries
- B/Li- buccal or lingual caries
Caries in the enamel layer:
initial caries (IC)
Initial caries range from:
a demineralization defect at the proximal surface and can extend axially to contact the DEJ
A demineralization defect at the proximal surface and can extend axially to contact the DEJ, this would be considered:
initial caries (IC)
What classification of caries is seen in these images?
initial caries (IC)
What classification of caries is seen in the following radiograph?
initial caries (IC)
Classify the caries in the following radiograph:
initial caries (IC)
Caries described as: spreading vertically at the DEJ and/or extending axially greater than halfway in the dentin layer:
moderate caries (MC)
The caries represented by this image are:
moderate caries (MC)
Classify the caries in the following radiograph:
moderate caries (MC)
Describe moderate caries (MC):
Caries spreading vertically at the DEJ and/or extending axially greater than halfway in the dentin layer
Moderate caries are described as greater than halfway into the _____ layer
dentin layer
Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:
moderate caries (MC)
Caries described as: greater than or equal to halfway into the dentin layer and can extend axially to contact the pulp:
advanced caries (AC)
Advanced caries can be described as:
greater than or equal to halfway into the dentin layer and can extend axially to contact the pulp
What type of caries are represented by the following image?
advanced caries (AC)
Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:
advanced caries (AC)
Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:
advanced caries (AC)
Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:
advanced caries (AC)
How do root surface caries often appear?
saucerized or scooped-out
What type of caries has a 50% prevalence in the geriatric population?
Root surface caries
Root surface caries are most common in the _____ regions, followed by the ______ areas
Buccal premolar regions; lingual & interproximal areas
Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:
Root surface caries (RSC)
Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:
recurrent caries (RC)
Caries that may be difficult to localize on a single view and may superimpose pulp:
B/Li caries
B/Li caries may be difficult to localize on a single view and may:
superimpose the pulp
Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:
B/Li caries
what does ICDAS stand for?
international caries detection & assessment system
List the order of ICDAS classification:
E1
E2
D1
D2
D3
What ICDAS classification is being described:
Lesion within outer 1/2 of enamel
E1
What ICDAS classification is being described:
Lesion within inner 1/2 of enamel
E2
What ICDAS classification is being described:
Lesion within outer 1/3 of dentin
D1
What ICDAS classification is being described:
Lesion within middle 1/3 of dentin
D2
What ICDAS classification is being described:
Lesion within inner 1/3 of dentin
D3
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
E1
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
E2
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
D1
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
D2
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
D3
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
E1
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
E2
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
D1
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
D2
Classify the following image according to ICDAS:
D3
ICDAS classification:
Penetrates less than or equal to 1/2 the enamel thickness as a radiolucent notch on the outer surface of the tooth
E1
The ICDAS classification system is used to diagnosed what type of caries:
interproximal
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
E1
ICDAS classification:
Penetrates greater than 1/2 the enamel thickness
E2
ICDAS classification:
May have an isosceles triangular outline with base at the proximal surface and DOES NOT extend to DEJ
E2
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
E2
Does ICDAS E2 classification extend into the DEJ?
NO
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
E2
ICDAS classification:
Undermines enamel & extends into dentin at or axial to the DEJ:
D1
ICDAS classification:
Penetrates less than 1/3 of the outer peripheral dentin thickness
D1
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D1
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D1
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D1
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D1
ICDAS classification:
The dentin lesion is more extensive and penetrates to mid 1/3 of dentin thickness
D2
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D2
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D2
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D2
ICDAS classification:
The dentin lesion is more extensive than the enamel lesion and penetrate greater than 2/3 (or inner 1/3) of the dentin thickness
D3
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D3
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D3
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D3
Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:
D3
Phenomenon in which the dentin artifact simulates caries:
interproximal “burn out”
When the lesion is outline by normal anatomic structure and is a relative radiolucency:
interproximal “burn out”
Interproximal “burn out” occurs when a lesion is outlined by normal anatomic structures and is a:
relative radiolucency
What is occurring in this radiographic image?
Burnout
What is occurring in this radiographic image?
Burnout
What is represented by the red circle in the following image?
Burnout
Incipient occlusal caries are difficult to detect on radiographs due to:
- small width of the lesion
- density of superimposing enamel
Occlusal caries that are difficult to detect on radiographs:
incipient occlusal caries
Broad-based thin radiolucent zone in dentin with no changes in enamel:
moderate occlusal caries
How do moderate occlusal caries present?
Broad-based thin radiolucent zone in dentin with no changes in enamel
How would you notice a moderate occlusal caries?
Noticed as a relative increase in opacity between pulp and caries
What do the blue arrows indication the following radiograph?
Moderate occlusal caries
Occlusal caries characterized by undermined enamel with gross loss of tooth structure:
severe occlusal caries
What type of occlusal caries can be seen on the following radiograph?
severe occlusal caries
