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Neuro 1 Exam 2 > Sensory physiology > Flashcards

Sensory physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How are peripheral ns. classified

A

action potential and fiber properties

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2
Q

What is the largest sensory afferent fiber type

A

Ia

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3
Q

What is the fastest sensory afferent fiber type

A

Ia

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4
Q

What is the slowest and smallest afferent fiber type

A

C

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5
Q

What kind of receptors respond to prolonged and constant stimulation

A

SA Receptors

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6
Q

What kind of receptors respond only at the beginning or end of a stimulus

A

RA receptors

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7
Q

What kind of receptor is a Meissner corpuscle

A

RA

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8
Q

What sensation is sensed by a Meissner corpuscle

A

tap/flutter

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9
Q

What type of receptor is a hair follicle

A

RA/SA

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10
Q

What type of sensation is felt by a hair follicel

A

motion/direction

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11
Q

What type of receptor is a pacinian corpuscle

A

RA

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12
Q

What is felt by a pacinian corpuscle

A

vibration

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13
Q

What type of receptor is a merkel disc

A

SA

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14
Q

What is felt by a merkel disc

A

touch/pressure

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15
Q

What type of receptor is a ruffini corpuscle

A

SA

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16
Q

What is felt by a ruffini corpuscle

A

skin stretch

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17
Q

What receptor types have large field sizes

A

Ruffini corpuscle

Pacini corpuscle

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18
Q

What receptor types have small field sizes

A

Merkel disc

Meissner corpuscle

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19
Q

What is presynaptic inhibition

A

neurotransmission controlled by pre and post synaptic inhibitory mechanisms, most powerful form. GABAergic associated of Cl, results in hyperpolarization and less NT release.

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20
Q

What is the function of a presynaptic inhibition

A

Reduces NT release, improves brains ability to localize signal

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21
Q

How many layers are in the cortex

A

6

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22
Q

What layers are enlarged in primary sensory cortex

A

3 and 4

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23
Q

What are the main sites of termination of axons from thalamus in the cortex

A

III and IV

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24
Q

What are the main type of output neurons

A

pyramidal cells

25
Q

What type of neurons are stacked above and below each other

A

are fundamentally similar

26
Q

What type of neurosn are stacked side by side

A

significantly different

27
Q

Where is S1 located

A

postcentral gyrus

28
Q

What is the function of S2

A

Cognitive touch, comparisons between objects, different tactile sensations and determining whether something becomes a memory

29
Q

Function of S1

A

Integration of info for position sense as well as size and shape discrimination

30
Q

Function of parieto-occipital-temporal association cortex

A

analyzes spatial coordinates of self, so names of objects, etc.

31
Q

Function of corticofugal signals

A

from cortex to relay stations in thalamus/medulla/SC

Control intensity of sensory sensitivity, and typically inhibit/suppress sensory input.

32
Q

What is the law of projection

A

no matter where on afferent pathway is stimulated, perceived sensation is from origin of sensation (like thumb or something)

33
Q

What is the law of specific nerve energies

A

no matter where along afferent pathway is stimulated, sensation that will occur is determined by nature of sensory receptor in periphery connected to it

34
Q

What is pain

A

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual /potential tissue damage

35
Q

What is nociception

A

neural process of encoding noxious stimuli. May be autonomic/behavioral. Pain not be a factor.

36
Q

Pain fibers tend to have what types of afferent fibers

A

C and Adelta

37
Q

What neuropeptides are expressed in peptidergic free nerve endings

A

substance p

CGRP

38
Q

What are peptidergic neurons responsive to

A

NGF

39
Q

Where are peptidergic free nerve endings typically found

A

most of visceral

half of cutaneous afferents (chronic infl. and visceral pain)

40
Q

What is non-peptidergic free endings responsive to

A

GDNF

41
Q

Where are non-peptidergic free endings found

A

few visceral

half of cutaneous afferents (diabetic neuropathy)

42
Q

What does TRPV1 respond to

A

capsaicin

43
Q

What does TRPA1 respond to

A

mustard stuff

44
Q

What does TRPM8 respond ot

A

menthol

45
Q

What is the purpose of the TRP receptors

A

ligand-gated nonselective cation channel that is permeable to Ca, Na or K

46
Q

What are some other signaling modalities that sense pain

A

SP *CGRP
Histamine
Kinins

47
Q

What do C fibers respond to

A

EAA and SP/CGRP

48
Q

What do Adelta fibers respond to

A

EAA

49
Q

What is the gate control theory

A

absence of input from C fibers, tonically active inhibitory interneuron suppresses pain pathway (turns interneuron on that has inhibitory function) Known as Abeta fibers

50
Q

What is descending inhibition

A

activated by opoiates/ eaa/cannabinoids
Descends to LE or Raphe nucleus
serotonin and NE release into dorsal horn and activate inhibitory interneurons
release opiates, that activate mu receptors on C fiber, reduces SP from C fiber and reduces nociception

51
Q

What is another chemical that can cause pain because of molecular inflammation

A

bradykinin, which increases excitability and facilitates activation of dorsal horn neurons

52
Q

What is the function of the insular cortex

A

interpret nociception, integrates all signals related to pain

53
Q

What is asymbolia

A

damage to insular cortex that means you can feel pain, but don’t care about it

54
Q

What is the function of the amygdala regarding pain

A

emotions associated with it

55
Q

Where does visceral input go for pain

A

hypothalamus and medulla, integrates physiological changes

56
Q

What type of pain is cutaneous

A

fast pain and slow pain

57
Q

What type of pain is deep pain (periosteum, etc.)

A

usually dull and achy, muscle spasms

58
Q

What type of pain is muscle (injury/ischemia)

A

fast pain and slow pain

59
Q

What type of pain is visceral

A

poor localization, sensitive to stretch, referred pain.

Neuro 1 Exam 2 (13 decks)

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