Motor Tracts

Question 1

What is pathway for corticospinal tract

Answer 1

Cells arise in cortex
descend through posterior limb of internal capsule
passes through cerebral peduncles, anterior pons, pyramids
fibers cross in pyramids of lower medulla
descends in lateral column of SC
synapses with LMNs in spinal cord

Question 2

Where is the primary motor cortex located

Answer 2

precentral gyrus

Question 3

What is the function of the medial corticospinal tract

Answer 3

controls postural and proximal movements

Question 4

What is the difference between medial and lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 4

medial tract doesn’t have fibers crossing in the medulla

Question 5

What CN are affected by the corticobulbar tract

Answer 5

CN V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

Question 6

What is the pathway of the corticobulbar tract

Answer 6

Cortex
descending through genu of internal capsule
cerebral peduncles, anterior pons, pyramids
crosses at pyramids
descends

Question 7

Where do Medial LMN have a primary function

Answer 7

in axial muscles

Question 8

Where do Lateral LMNs have a primary function

Answer 8

in limb muscles

Question 9

Where do LMNs for extensor muscles lie in the SC

Answer 9

ventral

Question 10

Where do LMNs for flexor muscles lie in the SC

Answer 10

dorsal

Question 11

What are the medial UMN tracts

Answer 11

Tectospinal
medial reticulospinal
lateral and medial vestibulospinal

Question 12

What are the lateral UMN tracts

Answer 12

rubrospinal

lateral reticulospinal

Question 13

Function of Indirect pathways

Answer 13

tonically activate antigravity and axial LMNs

Question 14

Function of lateral vestibulospinal

Answer 14

facilitation of extension against gravity

Question 15

Function of medial vestibulospinal

Answer 15

coordination of head movements

Question 16

function of medial reticulospoinal

Answer 16

facilitation of postural reflexes

Question 17

Function of rubrospinal

Answer 17

innervate upper limb flexors

Question 18

Function of lateral reticulospinal

Answer 18

Facilitates flexor motor neurons and inhibits extensor motor neurons

Question 19

Where does tectospinal tract fibers go

Answer 19

to neck muscles from superior colliculus

Question 20

Function of tectospinal

Answer 20

coordination of head with eye movements

Question 21

Characteristics of LMN lesion

Answer 21

flaccid paralysis
wasting/atrophy
hyporeflexia
hypotonia
fasciculation

Question 22

What causes UMN syndrome

Answer 22

loss of corticospinal tract and loss of indirect brainstem motor control pathways

Question 23

Characteristics of UMN lesion

Answer 23

loss of distal extremity strength and dexterity
babinski sign
hypertonia
spasticity
hyperreflexia
clasp knife phenomenon

Question 24

What does rigidity suggest

Answer 24

basal ganglia disease

Question 25

What does spasticity suggest

Answer 25

UMN lesion

Question 26

Where are LMN lesions normally located

Answer 26

ipsilateral of lesion

Question 27

For UMNs, where are lesions located

Answer 27

above lower medulla: contralateral | below/in sc: ipsilateral

Question 28

What symptoms are associated with complete transection of the spinal cord

Answer 28

``` all sensation 1/2 lesions below bladder control lost spinal shock (loss of reflexes) UMN signs at levels below lesion LMN signs at level of lesion ```

Question 29

Symptoms of hemisection of spinal cord

Answer 29

pain and temp loss from contralateral side loss of discriminative touch/conscious proprioception on same side LMN signs at level of lesion UMN signs ipsilateral of lesion

Question 30

What is Brown Sequards syndrome

Answer 30

associated symptoms with hemisection of SC

Question 31

What is syringomyelia

Answer 31

Formation of cysts within spinal cord

Question 32

What are some symptoms of syringomyelia

Answer 32

Pain and temp affected, motor may also be lost . | Cape/shawl pattern

Question 33

What is the mechanism of injury to central cord syndrome

Answer 33

cervical hyperextension

Question 34

What is central seven palsy

Answer 34

lesion of corticobulbar tract involving the 7th CN.

Question 35

What does a lesion rostral to facial motor nucleus result in

Answer 35

dropping of muscles at the corner of the mouth

Question 36

What is ALS

Answer 36

destroys only somatic motor neurons

Question 37

What vascular structure is affected in Wallenberg sign

Answer 37

PICA

Question 38

What vascular structure is affected in Dejerine syndrome

Answer 38

Anterior spinal a.

Question 39

What does damage to spinal V nucleus and tract ddo

Answer 39

ipsilateral loss of pain and tempt to teh face

Question 40

What does inferior cerebellar peduncle damage do

Answer 40

ataxia, known as Wallenberg sign