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Neuro 1 Exam 2 > Gross brain, bs and sc > Flashcards

Gross brain, bs and sc Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diencephalon made of?

A

cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

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2
Q

What is gray matter made of?

A

neuronal/glial cell bodies and dendrites

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3
Q

What is white matter made of?

A

collection of axons, many with myelin

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4
Q

What makes up the lateral surface of the frontal lobe?

A

precentral gyrus, superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri

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5
Q

What houses the primary motor cortex?

A

precentral gyrus

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6
Q

What is the function of the premotor and supplementary motor areas?

A

Planning and initiating voluntary movements

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7
Q

What makes up Broca’s area?

A

opercular/triangular parts of inferior frontal gyrus

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8
Q

Function of Broca’s area

A

Motor aspects of written and spoken language

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9
Q

Function of prefrontal cortex

A

Executive functions, personality, decision making, insight and foresight.

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10
Q

Function of primary somatosensory cortex?

A

processing of tactile and proprioceptive info and sensory localization

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11
Q

Function of inferior parietal lobule

A

language comprehension

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12
Q

Where is Wenicke’s area located?

A

posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus

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13
Q

What is the temporal lobe composed of?

A

superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri

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14
Q

What does the medial part of the temporal lobe do?

A

Learning and memory

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15
Q

What is the inferior portion of the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Higher order processing information

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16
Q

Function of superior surface of superior temporal gyrus

A

primary auditory cortex

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17
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

Lateral surface of occipital gyri

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18
Q

What is the function of the limbic lobe?

A

emotional responses, drive related behavior and memory

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19
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

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20
Q

Function of thalamus

A

relays info to cerebral cortex

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21
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

controls ans (visceral responses, temperature, limbic functions)

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22
Q

What parts make up the midbrain?

A

tectum, superior and inferior colliculi ,paired cerebra peduncles

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23
Q

What makes up the ponds?

A

basal pons, pontine tegmentum

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24
Q

What makes up the medulla?

A

Rostral open portion, caudal closed portion

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25
Q

Function of cerebellum

A

sensory information processing, influences motor neurons

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26
Q

Damage to cerebellum leads to

A

equilibrium problems, postural control, problem with coordination of voluntary movements

27
Q

Anterior lobe of cerebellum does what?

A

Receives afferents from SC, coordinates trunk and limb movements

28
Q

Flocculonodular lobe function of cerebellum

A

receives afferents from vestibular system, helps control eye movements and postural adjustments

29
Q

posterior love function of cerebellum

A

afferents from cerebrum, coordinates voluntary movements

30
Q

Where do posterior rootlets enter the SC?

A

Through posterolateral sulcus

31
Q

Where do anterior rootlets leave the SC?

A

anterolateral sulcus

32
Q

What is the substantia gelatinosa?

A

region of gray matter that caps the posterior horn

33
Q

Function of body of posterior horn?

A

interneurons and projection neurons transmit somatic and visceral sensory info

34
Q

What fibers are in the substantia gelatinosa?

A

myelinated/unmyelinated sensory fibers relaying pain and temperature

35
Q

What is Lissauer’s tract?

A

white matter in posterior horn between substantia gelatinosa and surface of SC

36
Q

What is lissauer’s tract made of?

A

finely myelinated/unmyelinated fibers

37
Q

What cell bodies are in the anterior horn?

A

lower MNs, supply skeletal muscle

38
Q

What do the cell bodies of the anterior horn do??

A

provide control over body movements, both voluntary and involuntary

39
Q

What is Clark’s nucleus?

A

Part of intermediate gray matter, collection of large cells on medial surface of base of posterior horn

40
Q

Clark’s nucleus function?

A

role in sensory processing, treated as part of posterior horn

41
Q

What type of cells are in intermediate gray matter?

A

various projection neurons, sensory interneurons and interneurons that synapse on MN

42
Q

What is Lamina I

A

thin layer of gray matter covering substantia gelatinosa

43
Q

What is lamina II

A

is substantia gelatinosa

44
Q

What is Laminae III through VI

A

body of posterior horn

45
Q

What is Lamina VII

A

intermediate gray matter and also includes extensions into anterior horn

46
Q

What is lamina VIII

A

some of interneuron zones of anterior horn

47
Q

What is Lamina IX

A

clusters of motor neurons in anterior horn

48
Q

What is Lamina X

A

zone of gray matter surrounding the central canal

49
Q

What makes up the fasciculus cuneatus

A

axon fibers in posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway of SC

50
Q

Function of Fasciculus cuneatus

A

carries sensory info from arms

51
Q

What makes up fasciculus gracilis

A

axon fibers in posterior colun-medial lemniscus

52
Q

Function of fasciculus gracilis

A

carries sensory information from the middle thoracic and lower limbs

53
Q

Function of second-order nuerons

A

relay signals from primary afferents to a target in CNS, can cross midline

54
Q

Third order neuron function

A

relay message to specific final target in specific cortical areas

55
Q

What does white matter contain?

A

long descending tracts, long ascending tracts, and local axons

56
Q

Gray matter contains

A

motor neuron cell bodies, endings of incoming sensory axons, second order sensory cell bodies, endings of long descending tracts and local interneurons

57
Q

How do lower motor neurons leave the CNS?

A

do not cross midline.

58
Q

Where do lower motor neurons go?

A

Travel through peripheral nerves and end of ipsilateral muscle fibers

59
Q

What neurons can cross the midline?

A

second order and first order can too.

60
Q

How do lower motor neurons control voluntary movement?

A

Corticospinal tract

61
Q

Where are the corticospinal neurons located?

A

Distributed in precentral gyrus

62
Q

Do UMNs of corticospinal tract cross the midline?

63
Q

What happens if you damage one cerebral hemisphere?

A

Weakness in contralateral arm and leg.

Neuro 1 Exam 2 (13 decks)

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