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Neuro 1 Exam 2 > Cerebral Vasculature and Brain Homeostasis > Flashcards

Cerebral Vasculature and Brain Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Na/K ATPase located in the choroid plexus?

A

Apical side

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2
Q

Where is NCBE located in brain?

A

Basolateral

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the NCBE and Na/K atpase?

A

Creates transmembrane gradient that pulls water into the ventricle

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4
Q

What happens with Cl?

A

Accumulates intracellularly, forming an electrochemical gradient, then leaves cell through apically located chloride channels.

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5
Q

What is the overall movement of ions?

A

Na, Cl and HCO3 moves from blood into ventricles. Water fluxes through AQP.

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6
Q

What is the Na osmolarity between CSF and Serum?

A

Similar

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7
Q

CSF has a greater concentration of what compared to Serum?

A

Cl, CO2, H

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8
Q

Serum has a greater concentration of what compared to CSF?

A

Protein, Glucose, OH, K, Ca, Mg, HCO3.

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9
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

arachnoid villi and pinocytosis

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10
Q

What is the pressure needed for absorption to occur?

A

Greater than 68 mm

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11
Q

What regulates CBF?

A

CO2 regulation, H+ concentration, O2 concentration and Astrocyte metabolites

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12
Q

What are the sympathetic neurotransmitters?

A

NE and NPY, alpha adrenergic receptors

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13
Q

What are the parasympathetic neurotransmitters?

A

Ach, VIP, CGRP, SP

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14
Q

What do sympathetics do to CBF?

A

Vasoconstriction when systemic CO and BP increases

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15
Q

Whath do parasympathetics do to CBF?

A

Leads to vasodilation when systemic cardiac output/BP decreases

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16
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of cerebral circulation?

A

SP, NKA, CGRP

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17
Q

How does ICP affect CBF?

A

Increased ICP decreases CBF

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18
Q

What is the purpose of vasoconstriction?

A

protects BBB and capillaries

19
Q

What happens during reduced brain perfusion?

A

Vasomotor centers activates, systemic BP increases, blood goes to brain.

20
Q

What does anemia do to CBF?

A

Increases

21
Q

What does polycythemia do to CBF?

A

decreases it

22
Q

What does high Pa CO2 do to CBF?

A

Increases it

23
Q

What does very low Pa O2 do to CBF?

A

Increases CBF

24
Q

What are the effects of acidosis on CBF?

A

Increases CBF

25
Q

Effects of alkalosis on CBF?

A

Decreases CBF

26
Q

Function of BBB

A

Maintains CSF electrolyte composition, excludes toxins, and contains neurotransmitters

27
Q

Components of BBB

A

tight junctions, endothelial cells, basement membrane and Endfoots of Astrocytes, pericytes

28
Q

What is the major energy source for the brain?

A

glucose

29
Q

How does glucose cross the BBB?

A

transport proteins

30
Q

Function of P-glycoprotein?

A

Move drugs that don’t belong that crossed BBB back into blood

31
Q

Function of Na K 2Cl

A

transports ions from csf to blood

32
Q

Function of GlutI

A

transports glucose from blood

33
Q

Is Glut I insulin dependent or independent

A

insulin dependent

34
Q

What is Na K 2 Cl expression tied to?

A

endothelin 1 and 3

35
Q

What is endothelin production tied to with Na K 2 Cl?

A

Astrocyte signals and possibly K in CSF

36
Q

Glut 3 is found on what cell?

A

Neurons

37
Q

Glut 5 is found on what cells?

A

Microglia

38
Q

Glut I 45 kd is found on what cells?

A

Astrocytes

39
Q

GlutI 55 kD is found on what cells?

A

microvessels, choroid plexus, ependymal cells

40
Q

What are the four circumventricular organs?

A

posterior pituitary, area postrema, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, subfornical organ

41
Q

Function of posterior pituitary

A

secretory, endocrine

42
Q

Function of area postrema

A

sensory initiation of vomiting in response to chemotactic triggers

43
Q

function of OVLT

A

sensory; regulation of total body water and thirst, target of Angiotensin II

44
Q

Function of subfornical organ

A

sensory

Neuro 1 Exam 2 (13 decks)

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