CSF and Hydrocephalus Flashcards
What primarily makes CSF
choroid plexus
Where is most of the CSF made
65% produced in lateral ventricle
What does the choroid plexus consist of
villous folds lined with epithelium, core of vascularized connective tissue. Has ependymal cells that overlay these villi.
What is the flow of CSF through the brain
Lateral ventricle -> interventricular foramen-> 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th ventricle -> lateral and median aperture
What is another name for median aperture
Foramen of Magendie
What is another name for lateral aperture
Foramen of Luschka
How is CSF affected in communicating hydrocephalus
Flow of CSF blocked after it exits ventricles
Where does resorption problems occur in a communicating hydrocephalus
level of arachnoid villi
What is associated with communicating hydrocephalus
increased ICP
What are common symptoms of chronic communicating hydrocephalus
dementia, ataxic gait, urinary incontinence
What is some of the pathology associated with normal pressure hydrocephalus
pathologically enlarged ventricle size, normal opening pressures on lumbar puncture
What is Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo
compensatory enlargement of cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid spaces
What causes hydrocephalus ex-vacuo
brain atrophy; post traumatic brain injuries, some psychiatric disorders
Does hydrocephalus ex vacuo have increased icp
no
What is common with obstructive hydrocephalus
excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid due to structural blockage, selective dilation of ventricles
What is aqueductal stenosis
narrowing of cerebral aqueduct blocking flow of CSF
What are symptoms of aqueductal stenosis
thunderclap headache, papilledema, enlarged head, cognitive/developmental delays, decreased level of consciouness, upward gaze palsy, tremors
What causes aqueductal stenosis
tumor compression, narrow aqueduct, gliosis
What is Dandy-walker malformation
obstruction at the oulet of the 4th ventricle and cerebellar hypoplasia
What does the dandy walker malformation consist of
complete/partial agenesis of cerebellar vermis, and enlarged fourth ventricles
What is a chiari II malformation
Displacement of inferior cerebellar vermis and cerebellar tonsils/medulal through the foramen magnum into the upper cervical canal, and lumbosacral myelomeningocele
What causes chiari II malformation
structural defects in the brain and Spinal cord, genetic mutations, lack of certain vitamins in maternal diet
What is acquired hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus that occurs later in life from a brain tumor/cyst, blocked CSF flow, etc. that prevents CSF in the brain from draining properly.
