CSF and Hydrocephalus

Question 1

What primarily makes CSF

Answer 1

choroid plexus

Question 2

Where is most of the CSF made

Answer 2

65% produced in lateral ventricle

Question 3

What does the choroid plexus consist of

Answer 3

villous folds lined with epithelium, core of vascularized connective tissue. Has ependymal cells that overlay these villi.

Question 4

What is the flow of CSF through the brain

Answer 4

Lateral ventricle -> interventricular foramen-> 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th ventricle -> lateral and median aperture

Question 5

What is another name for median aperture

Answer 5

Foramen of Magendie

Question 6

What is another name for lateral aperture

Answer 6

Foramen of Luschka

Question 7

How is CSF affected in communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 7

Flow of CSF blocked after it exits ventricles

Question 8

Where does resorption problems occur in a communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 8

level of arachnoid villi

Question 9

What is associated with communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 9

increased ICP

Question 10

What are common symptoms of chronic communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 10

dementia, ataxic gait, urinary incontinence

Question 11

What is some of the pathology associated with normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 11

pathologically enlarged ventricle size, normal opening pressures on lumbar puncture

Question 12

What is Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo

Answer 12

compensatory enlargement of cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid spaces

Question 13

What causes hydrocephalus ex-vacuo

Answer 13

brain atrophy; post traumatic brain injuries, some psychiatric disorders

Question 14

Does hydrocephalus ex vacuo have increased icp

Answer 14

no

Question 15

What is common with obstructive hydrocephalus

Answer 15

excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid due to structural blockage, selective dilation of ventricles

Question 16

What is aqueductal stenosis

Answer 16

narrowing of cerebral aqueduct blocking flow of CSF

Question 17

What are symptoms of aqueductal stenosis

Answer 17

thunderclap headache, papilledema, enlarged head, cognitive/developmental delays, decreased level of consciouness, upward gaze palsy, tremors

Question 18

What causes aqueductal stenosis

Answer 18

tumor compression, narrow aqueduct, gliosis

Question 19

What is Dandy-walker malformation

Answer 19

obstruction at the oulet of the 4th ventricle and cerebellar hypoplasia

Question 20

What does the dandy walker malformation consist of

Answer 20

complete/partial agenesis of cerebellar vermis, and enlarged fourth ventricles

Question 21

What is a chiari II malformation

Answer 21

Displacement of inferior cerebellar vermis and cerebellar tonsils/medulal through the foramen magnum into the upper cervical canal, and lumbosacral myelomeningocele

Question 22

What causes chiari II malformation

Answer 22

structural defects in the brain and Spinal cord, genetic mutations, lack of certain vitamins in maternal diet

Question 23

What is acquired hydrocephalus

Answer 23

Hydrocephalus that occurs later in life from a brain tumor/cyst, blocked CSF flow, etc. that prevents CSF in the brain from draining properly.