Sensory Impairments in Peds Flashcards
What are the 3 components of visual perception? briefly explain each one
- oculomotor control: eye movement
- visual field: how much we can see around us
- visual acuity: how clear can we see
Describe a baby’s vision at birth (accommodation, visual acuity, light/color, oculomotor mvm)
Limited accommodation
Visual acidity: 20/300
Responds to light, motion, color (does not perceive color but can differ tone/brilliance)
Oculomotor mvm: Can scan and search for movement => normal for it to be cross eyed (not well coordinated)
Describe vision at 1-2 mo.
increase visual acuity
Increased oculomotor scanning
Start binocular vision at 6 wk
Describe vision at 3-4 mo (4)
increased accommodation
Conjugate eye mvm in all direction
Eyelids close when stimuli appear suddenly before eye
Increase occulomotor scanning
Observes own hands when manipulating objects
describe vision at 4-6 mo (3)
increased visual acuity
Established binocular vision
recognition/identification of faces/objects (in line w social smile at 6 mo)
what is the visual acuity at 6-12 mo?
20/150
what does the baby avoid in terms of vision at 6-12 mo?
visual depth
When does a baby start perceiving color?
3 mo
when does a baby start tracking with their gaze?
3 mo
when can babies track a person moving across the room?
1 yo
when does depth perception (3d vision) develop
5 mo
By what age should a child be seen by an optometrist?
2 yo then subsequently on an annual basis
What is a visual impairment?
- visual acuity less than 6/21 (sees at 6 m what we see at 21 m) OR
- Visual acuity = 6/18 or less for those w degenerative visual problem, visual impairment, physical defiency, intellectual disability OR
- Continuous visual field less than 60 degrees OR
- Complete hemianopsia OR
What is the difference b/w ocular visual impairment and neurological visual impairment?
ocular: loss from eye structure (n atrophy, nystagmus)
neuro: injury to brain
what are the 5 leading cause of visual impairement
- cortical visual impairment (CVI)
- retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
- Optic nerve hypopplasis *ONH)
- albinism
- optic nerve atrophy
What is cortical visual impairment? what is it caused by?
= difficulty processing visual information (can see it) d/t lesion in posterior geniculi nucleus pathway to visual cortex
what are some signs of cortical visual impairment?
- distinct color preference
- visual latency (takes min before seeing moving toy)
- attraction to mvm (will only look if object is shaking)
- difficulties w complexiities
- need light
What causes retinopathy of prematurity
abnormal growth of BV in retina that can leak and cause retinal detachment => usually in premature bby
What causes optic nerve hypoplasia?
underdevelopment of optic n
What is albinism? What is ocular albinism (OA)? What is oculo-cutaneous albinism?
OA: lack pigment in eye
OCA: lack pigment in eye, hair, skin
What are some signs & symptoms of low vision in children? (3)
- Physical changes of eye/faces (frequent eye rubbing, only using one eye, bringing things closer, head tilting, wandering eyes, redness, eye pain, squinting)
- Changes in vision: complains blurry, holds things closer to eye
- Change in behavior: irritable, avoid work, short attention span
How does low vision impacts a child cognition?
learns differently (imitation, tactile/auditory learning)
Evaluation can be difficult
Delayed cognitive milestones (object permanence, deferred imitation)
How does low vision impact language in a child
different or delayed
Difficulty perceiving non verbal communication
Delayed pronoun use, may have different 1st word (use of labels or over extension of words to categorize related concepts like doggie instead of 4 legged animal)
how does low vision affect GM in children
reduced GM
Less active, fitness
delay: rolling, sitting, walking
Depth perception difficulty (stairs, cubs)
Eye hand/eye foot coordination difficulty (throwing ball)
