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547 > (A) Visual Perception > Flashcards

(A) Visual Perception Flashcards

1
Q

what is visual perception

A

receivng information from env through sensory impulses and converting it into meaningful information

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2
Q

what is visual acuity? give an example

A

clarity/shaprness of vision
ability to recognize shape/details of object from distance
- color vision, peripheral vision, visual field

ex: seeing traffic light

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3
Q

what categorie of visual perception does hemianopsia affect?

A

visual acuity bc can only see half the visual field

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4
Q

what is visual discrimination. give an example

A

ability to see subtle differences and similatirits between shape/objects

ex: foreign coins

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5
Q

what is visual figure? give ex

A

ability to focus on one object in busy background

ex: keys in messy drawer

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6
Q

what is visual closure?

A

ability to crrectly perceive object/work even when it is partly hidden

ex: road sign w snow

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7
Q

what is visual memory/pattern recognition?

A

ability to recall or remember visual details of what you have seen

ex: reading, recognize letter

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8
Q

what is visual sequential memory

A

ability to remember visual details in correct sequence

ex: writing (to remmeber sequence of letters to spell word)

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9
Q

what is visual form constancy

A

ability to rec and label objects even when they are viewed from different angle or in a different environment

ex: recognize dog in photo vs recognize dog whilst its running

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10
Q

what is visual spatial relationship?

A

abilityt to perceive relationships of objects posiiton in space

ex: reading map, bump into things

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11
Q

what cateogie is affected in usn?

A

visual spatial relationship (visual acuity is perfect)

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12
Q

what is visual motor integration?

A

ability to interpret visual info and respond with motor action

ex: catch ball

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13
Q

what is visual agnosia

A

ability to reco or describe use of familiar visual objects (normal visual function

ex: cannot recognize cellphone but can can identify by touch or sounds

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14
Q

what is unilateral spatial neglect (USN)

A

feature of stroke defined as failure to attent to the side opposite of brain lesion

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15
Q

what are the 3 categories of USN. describe each one of them

A
  1. sensory neglect (input issues): impaired ability to perceive object => do not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli on affected side = USN
  2. motor neglect (integration and output issue): reduced ability to initiate movement in resopnse to stimuli on affected side despite awareness of stimuli (not explained by motor weakness of lack of sensitivity)
  3. representational neglect: failure to describe affected side of a familiar scene from memory (Not explained by memory loss)
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16
Q

what is anosagnosia?

A

lack of insight regarding their failure to attend to side opposed of brain lesion ie not aware of USN

17
Q

how does USN differ from hemianopsia?

A
  1. hemianopsia = primary sensory loss so aware ur not receiving visual input so u can quickly compensate
  2. usn = neglect, disorganized, disrupted search strated => cant scan bc border between neglected space and non neglected space is not sharp nor absolute (no vertical mjidline)
18
Q

what are the 3 hemispaces of usn?

A
  1. personal space = on their own body
  2. near extrapersonal space (peripersonal) = within their reach (ex: eating, reading)
  3. far extrapersonal space = beyonf reaching point (walking)
19
Q

what screening must be done within 48 h of a patient w stroke regaining consciousness?

A

cogntiive (ex: moca) for screeen which can be complimented w ax such as motor free visual perception test

20
Q

what is the motor free visual perception test (MVPT-3). what are its domains, its population

A

AX:
domain: visual perception, independent motor ability for ind w storke, head injury, peds, others

21
Q

what is the behavioral inattention test: domain, population

A

assessment of USN (presence, extent) using everyday activities w patients w stroke

  • asked to cross line, cancel letter, cancel star…
  • patient required communciation
22
Q

what type of tx appoach should be used for USN?

A

a mixture of remedial, compensatory, task oriented

23
Q

what is the best strategy for tx interventions for USN?

A

education
=> include cognitive strategy for compensation such to increase visual search strategies
=> get client to understand that their vision cannot be trusted on affected side => to develop intellectual override

24
Q

name compensatory strategies used for USN (4)

A
  1. adequate lighting
  2. increase visibility of task/environment (reduce background pattern and increase constrat)
  3. organize structure environment
  4. simplify task
25
Q

Name remedial usn tx (4)

A
  1. visual scanning training
  2. eye patching
  3. prism therapy
  4. mirror therapy
26
Q

what is the task oriented tx for usn

A

incorporating visual perception in functional task like walking

27
Q

describe visual scanning training (vst)

A

(remedial)

  • search strategy = left to right, top to bottom
  • cueing: visual (scan until you see bright tape, light), tactile (vibrations on affected side), auditory (scan until you hear bell, whistle), verbal
28
Q

describe the lighthouse training (part of vst)

A
  1. shown lighthouse
  2. imagine ur a lighthouse, sweeping using ur eyes all the way from R to L to guide ships
  3. ask them what would happen if you only scanned the L or R side (awareness)
  4. ask them to find 3d opjects placed 6 ft in front of pt using cues like turning head like lighthouse

=> can be used w family, friends,
=> can also ask them to find objects in room w tactile cues (tap on shoulder to encourage them to look to left)

29
Q

describe eye patching for usn (frequency)

A
  • right half patches are applied to both lenses of patients glassessed for right USN (like cimt) => forces them to scan affected spacce
  • worn during waking hours and task
  • 1wk to 3 mo
30
Q

describe prism therapy (f)

A
  • place prism stickers on both lenses to shift visual field towards the right which encourages them to scan the L VF
  • used during repetitive motor task: they are asked to repeatdly point to targets (not able to see arm movement). beginnign will point to R bc VF shifted to R and miss target, but will eventually point to L to accurately hit target

f = 30-100 scanning/tx, 15-30 min training session, 5-10 min session over 2 wk then 2 20 min session/d for 2 wk …

31
Q

describe mirror therapy

A

form motor imagery where mirror used to convey visual stimuli to brain thru observation of one’s unaffected body part and mvm of affected limb can be stimulated via visual cues originating from the opposite side of the body

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