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547 > Ped Sensory, Perceptual-Cognitive, Language, & Social-Emotional Development > Flashcards

Ped Sensory, Perceptual-Cognitive, Language, & Social-Emotional Development Flashcards

1
Q

Why is mobility important for the development of FM, play, perception-cognition, language, social interaction?

A
  1. mobility is guided by sensory experience (vision, hearing, touch) => leads to greater explortation
  2. Promotes volitional movement: reach, grasp, release
  3. Promotes socialization (can access distant objects, carry beck’s and share objects)
  4. Works on postural control
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2
Q

Which development areas do sensory skills impact

A

physical, language, perception, social emotional, cognition

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3
Q

In general, describe the 5 senses at birth (how well developed are they?)

A
  1. Touch: responds early w higher sensitivity at toes, fingers, lips, can feel pain/discomfort
  2. Smell: acute recognition
  3. Taste: more attracted to sweet (smile), dislikes bitter (grimace - only enjoys at 4 mo)
  4. Hearing: most well developed —> can distinguish voice/language, rhythm
  5. Vision: least dev —> fuzzy —> 8/12 vision”
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4
Q

Describe the development of vision (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 mo)

A

1 mo
Poor focus w cross eyes; face (look at chin then eye then at top of head => tip of triangle)

2 mo
more preference for bright/contrasting color (black-white), for patterned stimuli; face (look at top of head then eyes then lips => look at all 3 corners of triangle)

3 mo
Social/joint gaze; face (look at moving points => eyes, lips)

4 mo
Depth perception: can track object to grasp & sees all color

5 mo
Track moving object, differ b/w bold color, attend to pastel colors

6mo
Visual acuity: 20/25

8 mo
clarity & depth perception matures & can see objects/faces across room

12 mo
20/20 visual acuity

infants have preference to look at human face

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5
Q

What is visual constancy?

A

ability to recognize objects even as their size, shape, color, orientation change

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6
Q

When does depth perception develop? binocular depth perception?

A

same time as object grasp/exploration => 3-5 mo

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7
Q

What are Piaget’s stages?

A

they must all be completed to reach full intelligence

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8
Q

What is piaget’s 1st stage?

A
  1. Sensorimotor (birth-2 yr):
    Perceptions/senses & motor skills to understand their world
    => learn through movement, senses, reflexes
    => start to develop habits
    => develop object permanence
    => egocentric
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9
Q

what is piaget’s 2nd stage?

A

Pre-operational (2-7yr)

Begins to think symbolically but reasoning is subjective & intuitive
egocentric: only from one perception of work
Speaks and gestures symbolically, play pretend
4 yo = intuitive age = curious”

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10
Q

What is piaget’s 3rd stage

A

Concrete operational (7-11yr)

Logical reasoning about concrete problems but no abstract ideas
problem solving
Makes generalization (inductive reasoning)
Thoughts & feelings are unique

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11
Q

What is piaget’s 4th stage

A

Formal operational (11yr+)

hypothetical, logical, abstract thought
=> can develop hypothesis

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12
Q

What are the 4 stages of piaget’s stages. Describe in detail.

A
  1. sensorimotor (birth - 2yo
    Perceptions/senses & motor skills to understand their world
    => learn through movement, senses, reflexes
    => start to develop habits
    => develop object permanence
    => egocentric
  2. pre-operational (2-7 yo)
    Begins to think symbolically but reasoning is subjective & intuitive
    egocentric: only from one perception of work
    Speaks and gestures symbolically, play pretend
    4 yo = intuitive age = curious
  3. concrete operational (7-11 yr)
    Logical reasoning about concrete problems but no abstract ideas
    problem solving
    Makes generalization (inductive reasoning)
    Thoughts & feelings are unique
  4. formal operational (11yr+)
    hypothetical, logical, abstract thought
    => can develop hypothesis
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13
Q

Describe in detail the 6 piaget’s sensorimotor stages (sensorimotor intelligence). What ages do these stages occur

A

b/w 0-24 mo

  1. reflexive scheme (0-2mo)
  2. primary circular reactions (1-4mo)
    Coordinates sensation & new schemas (finds thumbs and repeats as finds it pleasurable)
  3. secondary circular reactions (4-8mo)
    Intentionally repeats in order to trigger a response in the environment

4.coordination of secondary circular reactions (8-12mo)
Object permanence/intentional actions/objects have qualities

  1. tertiary circular reactions (12-18mo)
    Imitation of novel behaviours (repeats things or use objects symbolically)
    => objects exist independent of own action & are symbolic
  2. Mental representation (18 mo-2yr)

Internal depiction of objects/events => full object permanence (can track through invisible displacement)

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14
Q

What is object permanence? When does it begin?

A

Object permanence = gradual development of understanding that objects continue to exist even if no sensori-motor contact with them

  • starts at 8 mo, established at 12 mo (4th piaget stage of sensori motor intelligence) => begins to search for objects that disappear
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15
Q

Describe language development at
1 mo
6-9 mo
8-12 mo

A

1 mo
Discrimination of phonemes like /p/, /b/ and syllables like /pa/, /ba/

6-9 mo
Vocalization w intonation, babbling, vocal play more intentional

responds to name, human voice w/o visual cues by turning head, responds appropriately to friendly or angry tone

8-12 mo
Imitation of sounds, words, first word

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16
Q

Describe the erikson’s stages of social emotional development (3 - 0-18mo/18-24mo and 3.5-4 yr/3.5 yr+)

A

(0-18 mo) Learning basic trust vs. Mistrust => hope: trust/security, optimism vs insecurity (baby trust you will meet their needs)

(18-24 mo and 3.5-4 yr) Learning autonomy vs shame => will => autonomy = NOT self assurance, can include strong will/tantrums, stubbornness, negativism

(3.5 yr+) Learning initiative vs Guilt => purpose: imagination, play, cooperation, can illicit fear/dependency

17
Q 
Describe the social emotional development at
2-4 mo
6-7 mo
9-10 mo
12 mo
15 mo
18 mo
2yo
A

2-4 mo: Tactile comfort => likes to be held

6-7 mo: discriminates strangers

9-10 mo: Vocalizes at mirror image

12 mo: Repeats performance

15 mo: Reassured by parent

18 mo:”cant wait”

2yo:terrible twos

18
Q

describe language development at 1.5-2 yr (3)

A

uses more words w meaning & repeats what you say

Understands simple instructions

2 word stage : baby chair, baby play

19
Q

describe language development at 2-3 yr (6)

A

soars at this age => at 2 yr: 150-300 words

At 3: size of vocal related to future reading skills (900-1000 words)

Expresses thoughts/feelings w words

Asks lots of questions: who, what ,where

Uses pronouns

Responds to show me your eye, nose

20
Q

describe language development at 4 yr (4)

A

uses min 4 preposition

demonstrate understanding of commands

Name common objects, animals in picture books

Can usually repeat words of 4 syllables/sounds

21
Q

Describe language development at 5 yr (5)

A

Uses adjective/adverbs/complex phrases

knows common composite ex little big

counts to ten

Knows age/time

Has all consonants and vowels

22
Q 
Describe the development of ADLs at
3-6 mo
12 mo
18 mo
2 yr
3 yr
4-5 yr
A

3-6 mo: passive cooperation

12 mo: begins to cooperate

18 mo: pulls off simple clothing

2 yr: more active involvement

3 yr: buttons

4-5 yr: independent

23
Q 
Describe the development of feeding at
1 mo
3-4 mo
5-6 mo
6-7 mo
8-10 mo
9-12 mo
12 mo
15 mo
A 
1 mo: relies on reflexes
3-4 mo: relies on bottle
5-6 mo: may mouth bby cookie
6-7 mo: munching
8-10 mo: starting to finger feed
9-12 mo: drinking from cup
12 mo: drinks well from cup
15 mo: interest in using spoon alone
24
Q

Describe in general the development of play

A
  1. (3-9 mo) object/exploratory play: Repetition of actions to purposeful grasp and release
  2. functional and representation play (12-21 mo): Use of objects in familiar ways
  3. symbolic play (24 mo)
  4. role play (advanced symbolic play or pretend play)
25
Q

Describe the development of symbolic and role play

A

13-24 mo:literal to non-non-literal objects

24-36 mo: use toy represent people, act out situations with toys/friends, constructive play

3-4 yr: full development of social play

4-5 yo: organized play w prescribed rules, group games w simple rules, participation in organized cross motor gamed
(included in role play)

26
Q

What is the function of roleplay?

A
  1. explore social roles
  2. test emotions
  3. connect real and pretend
  4. regulate emotions
  5. enable creativity
27
Q

What are the 5 steps of social development through play? explain each one

A

Solitary play: plays alone, does not pay attention to other children (room full of child.)

onlooker/spectator: watches peers play but not play w them

Parallel play: children play same game next to each other but do not interact

Associative play: play together by doing same activity or using same material but not connection/working together

Cooperative play (5-6 yo): working together have common purpose, take turn, share

28
Q

What are the language milestones in middle childhood (6-11 yo)

A

6 yo:

  • mastered: f, v, sh, zh, th, 1
  • Speech = intelligible, socially useful

Elementary school

  • vocab increases 4X
  • shift from concrete to abstract: understands metaphor, jokes, double meaning
  • pragmatic speech: increase in perspective taking
  • adapts to listeners needs
29
Q

In general, how is cognition in middle childhood

A

logical reasoning w concrete problems (not abstreact)
=> seriation, classification
ex: games with rules

30
Q

Describe attention (cognition) in middle childhood?

A

selective attention, alert

31
Q

Describe memory (cognition process) in middle childhood.

A

storage & retrieval of memory

32
Q

describe language (cognitive process) in middle childhood

A

vocab increases by 4X, pragmatic speech, abstract comprehension

33
Q

describe problem solving in middle childhood (cogntive process)

A

steps

  1. identify and understand problem
  2. devise plan
  3. carry out plan
  4. check result and revise
34
Q

describe perceptual organization in middle childhood (cognitive process)

A

spatial reasoning, more abstract number, math, science

35
Q

What is erikson’s stage of social emotional development from 6-12 yo (middle childhood)

A

industry vs inferiority

=> new skills & knowledge lead to enthusiasm for learning leading to comprehension and mastery
curiosity of how things are made and work

Feelings of inadequacy and inferiority with peers, competency, productive can lead to sense of inferiority

36
Q

How is sense of self developed in middle childhood?

A

describe self in terms of competencies

37
Q

how is self determination developed in middle childood

A

want to achieve success for self determination

can be impeded on based on learned helplessness (learn others will do it for you)

38
Q

What is emotional regulation? When does it develop

A

develop in mid childhood

- to monitor and evaluate and modify intensity and duration of emotional reactions

39
Q

What are are executive functioning skills

A

Set of skills (motor, sensory, communication) that combine previous learned skills to apply to daily activities
requires working memory, inhibitory control, mental flexibility => to process information, focus thinking, monitor errors, and filter distraction

=> begins early in development

task initiation

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